EINJ driver today only allows injection request to go through for two
kinds of IORESOURCE_MEM: IORES_DESC_PERSISTENT_MEMORY and
IORES_DESC_SOFT_RESERVED. This check prevents user of EINJ to test
memory corrupted in many interesting areas:
- Legacy persistent memory
- Memory claimed to be used by ACPI tables or NV storage
- Kernel crash memory and others
There is need to test how kernel behaves when something consumes memory
errors in these memory regions. For example, if certain ACPI table is
corrupted, does kernel crash gracefully to prevent "silent data
corruption". For another example, legacy persistent memory, when managed
by Device DAX, does support recovering from Machine Check Exception
raised by memory failure, hence worth to be tested.
However, attempt to inject memory error via EINJ to legacy persistent
memory or ACPI owned memory fails with -EINVAL.
Allow EINJ to inject at address except it is MMIO. Leave it to the BIOS
or firmware to decide what is a legitimate injection target.
In addition to the test done in [1], on a machine having the following
iomem resources:
...
01000000-08ffffff : Crash kernel
768f0098-768f00a7 : APEI EINJ
...
768f4000-77323fff : ACPI Non-volatile Storage
77324000-777fefff : ACPI Tables
777ff000-777fffff : System RAM
77800000-7fffffff : Reserved
80000000-8fffffff : PCI MMCONFIG 0000 [bus 00-ff]
90040000-957fffff : PCI Bus 0000:00
...
300000000-3ffffffff : Persistent Memory (legacy)
...
I commented __einj_error_inject during the test and just tested when
injecting a memory error at each start address shown above:
- 0x80000000 and 0x90040000 both failed with EINVAL
- request passed through for all other addresses
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-acpi/20250825223348.3780279-1-jiaqiyan@google.com [1]
Signed-off-by: Jiaqi Yan <jiaqiyan@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Hanjun Guo <guohanjun@huawei.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250910044531.264043-1-jiaqiyan@google.com
[ rjw: Adding a link tag for the [1] reference ]
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
cpu_mitigations_off() is no longer needed because all bugs use attack
vector controls to select a mitigation, and cpu_mitigations_off() is
equivalent to no attack vectors being selected.
Remove the few remaining unnecessary uses of this function in this file.
Signed-off-by: David Kaplan <david.kaplan@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Reviewed-by: Pawan Gupta <pawan.kumar.gupta@linux.intel.com>
In commit(fde02699c2), the "if (blk_rq_is_seq_zoned_write(rq))"
was removed, but the "rb_entry_rq(node)" and some other code were
inadvertently left behind. This patch fixed it.
Signed-off-by: chengkaitao <chengkaitao@kylinos.cn>
Reviewed-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Reviewed-by: Li Nan <linan122@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi says:
====================
Remove use of current->cgns in bpf_cgroup_from_id
bpf_cgroup_from_id currently ends up doing a check on whether the cgroup
being looked up is a descendant of the root cgroup of the current task's
cgroup namespace. This leads to unreliable results since this kfunc can
be invoked from any arbitrary context, for any arbitrary value of
current. Fix this by removing namespace-awarness in the kfunc, and
include a test that detects such a case and fails without the fix.
Changelog:
----------
v2 -> v3
v2: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20250811195901.1651800-1-memxor@gmail.com
* Refactor cgroup_get_from_id into non-ns version. (Andrii)
* Address nits from Eduard.
v1 -> v2
v1: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20250811175045.1055202-1-memxor@gmail.com
* Add Ack from Tejun.
* Fix selftest to perform namespace migration and cgroup setup in a
child process to avoid changing test_progs namespace.
====================
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250915032618.1551762-1-memxor@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Make sure that we only switch the cgroup namespace and enter a new
cgroup in a child process separate from test_progs, to not mess up the
environment for subsequent tests.
To remove this cgroup, we need to wait for the child to exit, and then
rmdir its cgroup. If the read call fails, or waitpid succeeds, we know
the child exited (read call would fail when the last pipe end is closed,
otherwise waitpid waits until exit(2) is called). We then invoke a newly
introduced remove_cgroup_pid() helper, that identifies cgroup path using
the passed in pid of the now dead child, instead of using the current
process pid (getpid()).
Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250915032618.1551762-3-memxor@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
The bpf_cgroup_from_id kfunc relies on cgroup_get_from_id to obtain the
cgroup corresponding to a given cgroup ID. This helper can be called in
a lot of contexts where the current thread can be random. A recent
example was its use in sched_ext's ops.tick(), to obtain the root cgroup
pointer. Since the current task can be whatever random user space task
preempted by the timer tick, this makes the behavior of the helper
unreliable.
Refactor out __cgroup_get_from_id as the non-namespace aware version of
cgroup_get_from_id, and change bpf_cgroup_from_id to make use of it.
There is no compatibility breakage here, since changing the namespace
against which the lookup is being done to the root cgroup namespace only
permits a wider set of lookups to succeed now. The cgroup IDs across
namespaces are globally unique, and thus don't need to be retranslated.
Reported-by: Dan Schatzberg <dschatzberg@meta.com>
Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250915032618.1551762-2-memxor@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
For systems having CONFIG_NR_CPUS set to > 1024 in kernel config
the selftest fails as arena_spin_lock_irqsave() returns EOPNOTSUPP.
(eg - incase of powerpc default value for CONFIG_NR_CPUS is 8192)
The selftest is skipped incase bpf program returns EOPNOTSUPP,
with a descriptive message logged.
Tested-by: Venkat Rao Bagalkote <venkat88@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Saket Kumar Bhaskar <skb99@linux.ibm.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250913091337.1841916-1-skb99@linux.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Like commit fbdd61c94b ("selftests/bpf: Skip timer cases when bpf_timer is not supported"),
'timer_interrupt' test case should be skipped if verifier rejects
bpf_timer with returning -EOPNOTSUPP.
cd tools/testing/selftests/bpf
./test_progs -t timer
461 timer_interrupt:SKIP
Summary: 6/0 PASSED, 7 SKIPPED, 0 FAILED
Signed-off-by: Leon Hwang <leon.hwang@linux.dev>
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250915121657.28084-1-leon.hwang@linux.dev
Ciphertext hiding prevents host accesses from reading the ciphertext of
SNP guest private memory. Instead of reading ciphertext, the host reads
will see constant default values (0xff).
The SEV ASID space is split into SEV and SEV-ES/SEV-SNP ASID ranges.
Enabling ciphertext hiding further splits the SEV-ES/SEV-SNP ASID space
into separate ASID ranges for SEV-ES and SEV-SNP guests.
Add a new off-by-default kvm-amd module parameter to enable ciphertext
hiding and allow the admin to configure the SEV-ES and SEV-SNP ASID
ranges. Simply cap the maximum SEV-SNP ASID as appropriate, i.e. don't
reject loading KVM or disable ciphertest hiding for a too-big value, as
KVM's general approach for module params is to sanitize inputs based on
hardware/kernel support, not burn the world down. This also allows the
admin to use -1u to assign all SEV-ES/SNP ASIDs to SNP without needing
dedicated handling in KVM.
Suggested-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Ashish Kalra <ashish.kalra@amd.com>
Co-developed-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/95abc49edfde36d4fb791570ea2a4be6ad95fd0d.1755721927.git.ashish.kalra@amd.com
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Refactor: eliminate type casts by using proper u32
declarations.
v2:
- Address review comments. (Karthik)
v3:
- Use the proper u32 type and drop cast. (Lucas De Marchi)
- Modify variable when actually using u64 value.
- Change r value to reg_value with u32 type.
v4:
- Remove newline between trailer and Signed-off-by. (Lucas De Marchi)
- Change reg_val to val for more user-friendly logging.
- Use mul_u32_u32 function since both values are u32.
v5:
- mul_u32_u32 function with shift. (Lucas De Marchi)
Fixes: 7596d839f6 ("drm/xe/hwmon: Add support to manage power limits though mailbox")
Signed-off-by: Mallesh Koujalagi <mallesh.koujalagi@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Lucas De Marchi <lucas.demarchi@intel.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250912113458.2815172-1-mallesh.koujalagi@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Lucas De Marchi <lucas.demarchi@intel.com>
(cherry picked from commit 4e1d3b5e64)
Signed-off-by: Rodrigo Vivi <rodrigo.vivi@intel.com>
With "bpftool prog tracelog", bpftool prints messages from the trace
pipe. To do so, it first needs to find the tracefs mount point to open
the pipe. Bpftool looks at a few "default" locations, including
/sys/kernel/debug/tracing and /sys/kernel/tracing.
Some of these locations, namely /tracing and /trace, are not standard.
They are in the list because some users used to hardcode the tracing
directory to short names; but we have no compelling reason to look at
these locations. If we fail to find the tracefs at the default
locations, we have an additional step to find it by parsing /proc/mounts
anyway, so it's safe to remove these entries from the list of default
locations to check.
Additionally, Alexei reports that looking for the tracefs at
/sys/kernel/debug/tracing may automatically mount the file system under
that location, and generate a kernel log message telling that
auto-mounting there is deprecated. To avoid this message, let's swap the
order for checking the potential mount points: try /sys/kernel/tracing
first, which should be the standard location nowadays. The kernel log
message may still appear if the tracefs is not mounted on
/sys/kernel/tracing when we run bpftool.
Reported-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/r/CAADnVQLcMi5YQhZKsU4z3S2uVUAGu_62C33G2Zx_ruG3uXa-Ug@mail.gmail.com/
Signed-off-by: Quentin Monnet <qmo@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250915134209.36568-1-qmo@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
__maps__fixup_overlap_and_insert may split or directly insert a map,
when doing this the map may need to have a kmap set up for the sake of
the kmaps. The missing kmap set up fails the check_invariants test in
maps, later "Internal error" reports from map__kmap and ultimately
causes segfaults.
Similar fixes were added in commit e0e4e0b8b7 ("perf maps: Add
missing map__set_kmap_maps() when replacing a kernel map") and commit
25d9c0301d ("perf maps: Set the kmaps for newly created/added kernel
maps") but they missed cases. To try to reduce the risk of this,
update the kmap directly following any manual insert. This identified
another problem in maps__copy_from.
Fixes: e0e4e0b8b7 ("perf maps: Add missing map__set_kmap_maps() when replacing a kernel map")
Fixes: 25d9c0301d ("perf maps: Set the kmaps for newly created/added kernel maps")
Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Add a test for sending messages from every GuC to every other GuC to
test G2G communications.
Note that, being a debug only feature, the test interface only exists
in pre-production builds of the GuC firmware.
v2: Fix 'default' case to actually use the driver's registration code
as well as allocation. Add comments explaining the different test
types. Fix (C) date and an assert. Review feedback from Daniele.
Signed-off-by: John Harrison <John.C.Harrison@Intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniele Ceraolo Spurio <daniele.ceraolospurio@intel.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250910210237.603576-5-John.C.Harrison@Intel.com
If a bo is created via xe_managed_bo_create_pin_map() then it cannot be
freed by the driver using xe_bo_unpin_map_no_vm(), or indeed any other
existing function. The DRM layer will still have a pointer stashed
away for later freeing, causing a invalid memory access on driver
unload. So add a helper for releasing the DRM action as well.
v2: Drop 'xe' parameter (review feedbak from Michal W)
Signed-off-by: John Harrison <John.C.Harrison@Intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniele Ceraolo Spurio <daniele.ceraolospurio@intel.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250910210237.603576-4-John.C.Harrison@Intel.com
Commit c911f0d468 ("KVM: arm64: permit all VM_MTE_ALLOWED mappings
with MTE enabled") allowed VM_SHARED VMAs in a VM with MTE enabled, so
remove the comment to the contrary.
Commit d77e59a8fc ("arm64: mte: Lock a page for MTE tag initialisation")
removed the race that can lead to tags being zeroed more than once when
multiple threads attempt initialisation at the same time, so remove the
comment about mmap_lock too. Note that sanitise_mte_tags() was never called
with the mmap_lock held from user_mem_abort() and the race was prevented by
kvm->mmu_lock.
However, the function still requires to have the kvm->mmu_lock held to
ensure that the memory remains mapped in the userspace process while the
tags are zeroed. Document this in a comment.
CC: Peter Collingbourne <pcc@google.com>
CC: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
CC: Steven Price <steven.price@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexandru Elisei <alexandru.elisei@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Steven Price <steven.price@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
Commit 88e6c42e40 ("io_uring/io-wq: add check free worker before
create new worker") reused the variable `do_create` for something
else, abusing it for the free worker check.
This caused the value to effectively always be `true` at the time
`nr_workers < max_workers` was checked, but it should really be
`false`. This means the `max_workers` setting was ignored, and worse:
if the limit had already been reached, incrementing `nr_workers` was
skipped even though another worker would be created.
When later lots of workers exit, the `nr_workers` field could easily
underflow, making the problem worse because more and more workers
would be created without incrementing `nr_workers`.
The simple solution is to use a different variable for the free worker
check instead of using one variable for two different things.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 88e6c42e40 ("io_uring/io-wq: add check free worker before create new worker")
Signed-off-by: Max Kellermann <max.kellermann@ionos.com>
Reviewed-by: Fengnan Chang <changfengnan@bytedance.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Various KUnit tests require PCI infrastructure to work. All normal
platforms enable PCI by default, but UML does not. Enabling PCI from
.kunitconfig files is problematic as it would not be portable. So in
commit 6fc3a8636a ("kunit: tool: Enable virtio/PCI by default on UML")
PCI was enabled by way of CONFIG_UML_PCI_OVER_VIRTIO=y. However
CONFIG_UML_PCI_OVER_VIRTIO requires additional configuration of
CONFIG_UML_PCI_OVER_VIRTIO_DEVICE_ID or will otherwise trigger a WARN() in
virtio_pcidev_init(). However there is no one correct value for
UML_PCI_OVER_VIRTIO_DEVICE_ID which could be used by default.
This warning is confusing when debugging test failures.
On the other hand, the functionality of CONFIG_UML_PCI_OVER_VIRTIO is not
used at all, given that it is completely non-functional as indicated by
the WARN() in question. Instead it is only used as a way to enable
CONFIG_UML_PCI which itself is not directly configurable.
Instead of going through CONFIG_UML_PCI_OVER_VIRTIO, introduce a custom
configuration option which enables CONFIG_UML_PCI without triggering
warnings or building dead code.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250908-kunit-uml-pci-v2-1-d8eba5f73c9d@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Thomas Weißschuh <thomas.weissschuh@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Reviewed-by: David Gow <davidgow@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
The sev_evict_cache() is guest-related code and should be guarded by
CONFIG_AMD_MEM_ENCRYPT, not CONFIG_KVM_AMD_SEV.
CONFIG_AMD_MEM_ENCRYPT=y is required for a guest to run properly as an SEV-SNP
guest, but a guest kernel built with CONFIG_KVM_AMD_SEV=n would get the stub
function of sev_evict_cache() instead of the version that performs the actual
eviction. Move the function declarations under the appropriate #ifdef.
Fixes: 7b306dfa32 ("x86/sev: Evict cache lines during SNP memory validation")
Signed-off-by: Tom Lendacky <thomas.lendacky@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: stable@kernel.org # 6.16.x
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/70e38f2c4a549063de54052c9f64929705313526.1757708959.git.thomas.lendacky@amd.com
The IPC shared memory can reside in system memory or SRAM. In the latter
case the memory-region property is expected not to be present, so do not
warn about it.
Reported-by: Jonathan Hunter <jonathanh@nvidia.com>
Fixes: dbe4efea38 ("firmware: tegra: bpmp: Use of_reserved_mem_region_to_resource() for "memory-region"")
Signed-off-by: Thierry Reding <treding@nvidia.com>
In addition to sending permitted commands such as connect/auth
over the initial unencrypted admin connection as part of secure
channel concatenation, the host also sends commands such as
Property Get and Identify on the same. This is a spec violation
leading to secure concat failures. Fix this by ensuring these
additional commands are avoided on this connection.
Fixes: 104d0e2f62 ("nvme-fabrics: reset admin connection for secure concatenation")
Signed-off-by: Martin George <marting@netapp.com>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org>
Introduce imx_rproc_arm_smc_{start, stop, detect_mode}() helper functions
for all i.MX variants using IMX_RPROC_SMC to manage remote processors.
This allows the removal of the IMX_RPROC_SMC switch-case blocks from
imx_rproc_start(), imx_rproc_stop(), and imx_rproc_detect_mode(), resulting
in cleaner and more maintainable code.
Since this is the last switch in imx_rproc_{start,stop}{}, remove
the switch-case.
No functional changes.
Reviewed-by: Frank Li <Frank.Li@nxp.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Baluta <daniel.baluta@nxp.com>
Signed-off-by: Peng Fan <peng.fan@nxp.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250910-imx-rproc-cleanup-v2-5-10386685b8a9@nxp.com
Signed-off-by: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
Introduce imx_rproc_scu_api_{start, stop, detect_mode}() helper functions
for all i.MX variants using IMX_RPROC_SCU_API to manage remote processors.
This allows the removal of the IMX_RPROC_SCU_API switch-case blocks from
imx_rproc_start(), imx_rproc_stop(), and imx_rproc_detect_mode(), resulting
in cleaner and more maintainable code.
No functional changes.
Reviewed-by: Frank Li <Frank.Li@nxp.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Baluta <daniel.baluta@nxp.com>
Signed-off-by: Peng Fan <peng.fan@nxp.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250910-imx-rproc-cleanup-v2-4-10386685b8a9@nxp.com
Signed-off-by: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
Introduce imx_rproc_mmio_{start, stop, detect_mode}() helper functions for
all i.MX variants using IMX_RPROC_MMIO to manage remote processors.
This allows the removal of the IMX_RPROC_MMIO switch-case blocks from
imx_rproc_start(), imx_rproc_stop(), and imx_rproc_detect_mode(), resulting
in cleaner and more maintainable code.
No functional changes.
Reviewed-by: Frank Li <Frank.Li@nxp.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Baluta <daniel.baluta@nxp.com>
Signed-off-by: Peng Fan <peng.fan@nxp.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250910-imx-rproc-cleanup-v2-3-10386685b8a9@nxp.com
Signed-off-by: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
Move the imx_rproc_dcfg structure definitions closer to imx_rproc_of_match
to prepare for adding start/stop/detect_mode ops for each i.MX variant.
This relocation avoids the need to declare function prototypes such as
'static int imx_rproc_xtr_mbox_init(struct rproc *rproc, bool tx_block)'
at the beginning of the file, improving code organization and readability.
No functional changes.
Reviewed-by: Frank Li <Frank.Li@nxp.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Baluta <daniel.baluta@nxp.com>
Signed-off-by: Peng Fan <peng.fan@nxp.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250910-imx-rproc-cleanup-v2-2-10386685b8a9@nxp.com
Signed-off-by: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
Simplify the logic in imx_rproc_start(), imx_rproc_stop() and
imx_rproc_detect_mode(), introduce start, stop and detect_mode ops for the
imx_rproc_dcfg structure. Allow each platform to provide its own
implementation of start/stop/detect_mode operations, and prepare to
eliminate the need for multiple switch-case statements.
Improve code readability and maintainability by encapsulating
platform-specific behavior.
No functional changes.
Reviewed-by: Frank Li <Frank.Li@nxp.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Baluta <daniel.baluta@nxp.com>
Signed-off-by: Peng Fan <peng.fan@nxp.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250910-imx-rproc-cleanup-v2-1-10386685b8a9@nxp.com
Signed-off-by: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
When forcefully shutting down a port via the configfs interface,
nvmet_port_subsys_drop_link() first calls nvmet_port_del_ctrls() and
then nvmet_disable_port(). Both functions will eventually schedule all
remaining associations for deletion.
The current implementation checks whether an association is about to be
removed, but only after the work item has already been scheduled. As a
result, it is possible for the first scheduled work item to free all
resources, and then for the same work item to be scheduled again for
deletion.
Because the association list is an RCU list, it is not possible to take
a lock and remove the list entry directly, so it cannot be looked up
again. Instead, a flag (terminating) must be used to determine whether
the association is already in the process of being deleted.
Reported-by: Shinichiro Kawasaki <shinichiro.kawasaki@wdc.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/rsdinhafrtlguauhesmrrzkybpnvwantwmyfq2ih5aregghax5@mhr7v3eryci3/
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Wagner <wagi@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org>
It’s possible for more than one async command to be in flight from
__nvmet_fc_send_ls_req. For each command, a tgtport reference is taken.
In the current code, only one put work item is queued at a time, which
results in a leaked reference.
To fix this, move the work item to the nvmet_fc_ls_req_op struct, which
already tracks all resources related to the command.
Fixes: 710c69dbac ("nvmet-fc: avoid deadlock on delete association path")
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Wagner <wagi@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org>