// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 /* * Copyright (c) 2026 Christoph Hellwig. */ #include #include #include #include #include "blk.h" #include "error-injection.h" struct blk_error_inject { struct list_head entry; sector_t start; sector_t end; enum req_op op; blk_status_t status; /* only inject every 1 / chance times */ unsigned int chance; }; DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(blk_error_injection_enabled); bool __blk_error_inject(struct bio *bio) { struct gendisk *disk = bio->bi_bdev->bd_disk; struct blk_error_inject *inj; rcu_read_lock(); list_for_each_entry_rcu(inj, &disk->error_injection_list, entry) { if (bio_op(bio) != inj->op) continue; /* * This never matches 0-sized bios like empty WRITEs with * REQ_PREFLUSH or ZONE_RESET_ALL. While adding a special case * for them would be trivial, that means any WRITE rule would * trigger for flushes. So before we can make this work * properly, we'll need to start using REQ_OP_FLUSH for pure * flushes at the bio level like we already do in blk-mq. */ if (bio->bi_iter.bi_sector > inj->end || bio_end_sector(bio) <= inj->start) continue; if (inj->chance > 1 && (get_random_u32() % inj->chance) != 0) continue; pr_info_ratelimited("%pg: injecting %s error for %s at sector %llu:%u\n", disk->part0, blk_status_to_str(inj->status), blk_op_str(inj->op), bio->bi_iter.bi_sector, bio_sectors(bio)); bio->bi_status = inj->status; rcu_read_unlock(); bio_endio(bio); return true; } rcu_read_unlock(); return false; } static int error_inject_add(struct gendisk *disk, enum req_op op, sector_t start, u64 nr_sectors, blk_status_t status, unsigned int chance) { struct blk_error_inject *inj; int error = -EINVAL; if (op == REQ_OP_LAST) return -EINVAL; if (status == BLK_STS_OK) return -EINVAL; inj = kzalloc_obj(*inj); if (!inj) return -ENOMEM; if (nr_sectors) { if (U64_MAX - nr_sectors < start) goto out_free_inj; inj->end = start + nr_sectors - 1; } else { inj->end = U64_MAX; } inj->op = op; inj->start = start; inj->status = status; inj->chance = chance; pr_debug_ratelimited("%pg: adding %s injection for %s at sector %llu:%llu\n", disk->part0, blk_status_to_str(status), blk_op_str(op), start, nr_sectors); /* * Add to the front of the list so that newer entries can partially * override other entries. This also intentionally allows duplicate * entries as there is no real reason to reject them. */ mutex_lock(&disk->error_injection_lock); if (!disk_live(disk)) { mutex_unlock(&disk->error_injection_lock); error = -ENODEV; goto out_free_inj; } if (list_empty(&disk->error_injection_list)) static_branch_inc(&blk_error_injection_enabled); list_add_rcu(&inj->entry, &disk->error_injection_list); set_bit(GD_ERROR_INJECT, &disk->state); mutex_unlock(&disk->error_injection_lock); return 0; out_free_inj: kfree(inj); return error; } static void error_inject_removeall(struct gendisk *disk) { struct blk_error_inject *inj; mutex_lock(&disk->error_injection_lock); clear_bit(GD_ERROR_INJECT, &disk->state); while ((inj = list_first_entry_or_null(&disk->error_injection_list, struct blk_error_inject, entry))) { list_del_rcu(&inj->entry); kfree_rcu_mightsleep(inj); } static_branch_dec(&blk_error_injection_enabled); mutex_unlock(&disk->error_injection_lock); } enum options { Opt_add = (1u << 0), Opt_removeall = (1u << 1), Opt_op = (1u << 16), Opt_start = (1u << 17), Opt_nr_sectors = (1u << 18), Opt_status = (1u << 19), Opt_chance = (1u << 20), Opt_invalid, }; static const match_table_t opt_tokens = { { Opt_add, "add", }, { Opt_removeall, "removeall", }, { Opt_op, "op=%s", }, { Opt_start, "start=%u" }, { Opt_nr_sectors, "nr_sectors=%u" }, { Opt_status, "status=%s" }, { Opt_chance, "chance=%u" }, { Opt_invalid, NULL, }, }; static int match_op(substring_t *args, enum req_op *op) { const char *tag; tag = match_strdup(args); if (!tag) return -ENOMEM; *op = str_to_blk_op(tag); if (*op == REQ_OP_LAST) pr_warn("invalid op '%s'\n", tag); kfree(tag); return 0; } static int match_status(substring_t *args, blk_status_t *status) { const char *tag; tag = match_strdup(args); if (!tag) return -ENOMEM; *status = tag_to_blk_status(tag); if (!*status) pr_warn("invalid status '%s'\n", tag); kfree(tag); return 0; } static ssize_t blk_error_injection_parse_options(struct gendisk *disk, char *options) { enum { Unset, Add, Removeall } action = Unset; unsigned int option_mask = 0, chance = 1; enum req_op op = REQ_OP_LAST; u64 start = 0, nr_sectors = 0; blk_status_t status = BLK_STS_OK; substring_t args[MAX_OPT_ARGS]; char *p; while ((p = strsep(&options, ",\n")) != NULL) { int error = 0; ssize_t token; if (!*p) continue; token = match_token(p, opt_tokens, args); option_mask |= token; switch (token) { case Opt_add: if (action != Unset) return -EINVAL; action = Add; break; case Opt_removeall: if (action != Unset) return -EINVAL; action = Removeall; break; case Opt_op: error = match_op(args, &op); break; case Opt_start: error = match_u64(args, &start); break; case Opt_nr_sectors: error = match_u64(args, &nr_sectors); break; case Opt_status: error = match_status(args, &status); break; case Opt_chance: error = match_uint(args, &chance); if (!error && chance == 0) error = -EINVAL; break; default: pr_warn("unknown parameter or missing value '%s'\n", p); error = -EINVAL; } if (error) return error; } switch (action) { case Add: return error_inject_add(disk, op, start, nr_sectors, status, chance); case Removeall: if (option_mask & ~Opt_removeall) return -EINVAL; error_inject_removeall(disk); return 0; default: return -EINVAL; } } static ssize_t blk_error_injection_write(struct file *file, const char __user *ubuf, size_t count, loff_t *pos) { struct gendisk *disk = file_inode(file)->i_private; char *options; int error; options = memdup_user_nul(ubuf, count); if (IS_ERR(options)) return PTR_ERR(options); error = blk_error_injection_parse_options(disk, options); kfree(options); if (error) return error; return count; } static int blk_error_injection_show(struct seq_file *s, void *private) { struct gendisk *disk = s->private; struct blk_error_inject *inj; rcu_read_lock(); list_for_each_entry_rcu(inj, &disk->error_injection_list, entry) { seq_printf(s, "%llu:%llu status=%s,chance=%u", inj->start, inj->end, blk_status_to_tag(inj->status), inj->chance); seq_putc(s, '\n'); } rcu_read_unlock(); return 0; } static int blk_error_injection_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file) { return single_open(file, blk_error_injection_show, inode->i_private); } static int blk_error_injection_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file) { return single_release(inode, file); } static const struct file_operations blk_error_injection_fops = { .owner = THIS_MODULE, .write = blk_error_injection_write, .read = seq_read, .open = blk_error_injection_open, .release = blk_error_injection_release, }; void blk_error_injection_init(struct gendisk *disk) { debugfs_create_file("error_injection", 0600, disk->queue->debugfs_dir, disk, &blk_error_injection_fops); } void blk_error_injection_exit(struct gendisk *disk) { error_inject_removeall(disk); }