diff --git a/runtime/doc/eval.txt b/runtime/doc/eval.txt
index 4fb77eea00..76b47c2e96 100644
--- a/runtime/doc/eval.txt
+++ b/runtime/doc/eval.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-*eval.txt*	For Vim version 8.2.  Last change: 2020 Dec 29
+*eval.txt*	For Vim version 8.2.  Last change: 2021 Jan 10
 
 
 		  VIM REFERENCE MANUAL	  by Bram Moolenaar
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ There are ten types of variables:
 							*Number* *Integer*
 Number		A 32 or 64 bit signed number.  |expr-number|
 		The number of bits is available in |v:numbersize|.
-		Examples:  -123  0x10  0177  0b1011
+		Examples:  -123  0x10  0177  0o177 0b1011
 
 Float		A floating point number. |floating-point-format| *Float*
 		{only when compiled with the |+float| feature}
@@ -97,9 +97,10 @@ the Number.  Examples:
 Conversion from a String to a Number only happens in legacy Vim script, not in
 Vim9 script.  It is done by converting the first digits to a number.
 Hexadecimal "0xf9", Octal "017" or "0o17", and Binary "0b10"
-numbers are recognized (NOTE: when using |scriptversion-4| octal with a
-leading "0" is not recognized).  If the String doesn't start with digits, the
-result is zero.
+numbers are recognized
+NOTE: when using |scriptversion-4| octal with a leading "0" is not recognized.
+The 0o notation requires patch 8.2.0886.
+If the String doesn't start with digits, the result is zero.
 Examples:
 	String "456"	-->	Number 456 ~
 	String "6bar"	-->	Number 6 ~
@@ -1150,7 +1151,7 @@ expr7							*expr7*
 
 For '!' |TRUE| becomes |FALSE|, |FALSE| becomes |TRUE| (one).
 For '-' the sign of the number is changed.
-For '+' the number is unchanged.
+For '+' the number is unchanged.  Note: "++" has no effect.
 
 A String will be converted to a Number first.
 
@@ -1191,6 +1192,7 @@ start with one!
 If the length of the String is less than the index, the result is an empty
 String.  A negative index always results in an empty string (reason: backward
 compatibility).  Use [-1:] to get the last byte or character.
+In Vim9 script a negative index is used like with a list: count from the end.
 
 If expr8 is a |List| then it results the item at index expr1.  See |list-index|
 for possible index values.  If the index is out of range this results in an
@@ -1318,8 +1320,8 @@ When using the lambda form there must be no white space between the } and the
 number
 ------
 number			number constant			*expr-number*
-				*hex-number* *octal-number* *binary-number*
 
+			*0x* *hex-number* *0o* *octal-number* *binary-number*
 Decimal, Hexadecimal (starting with 0x or 0X), Binary (starting with 0b or 0B)
 and Octal (starting with 0, 0o or 0O).
 
@@ -1572,7 +1574,7 @@ Note how execute() is used to execute an Ex command.  That's ugly though.
 
 Lambda expressions have internal names like '<lambda>42'.  If you get an error
 for a lambda expression, you can find what it is with the following command: >
-	:function {'<lambda>42'}
+	:function <lambda>42
 See also: |numbered-function|
 
 ==============================================================================
@@ -2487,12 +2489,13 @@ ch_status({handle} [, {options}])
 changenr()			Number	current change number
 char2nr({expr} [, {utf8}])	Number	ASCII/UTF8 value of first char in {expr}
 charclass({string})		Number	character class of {string}
+charcol({expr})			Number	column number of cursor or mark
 charidx({string}, {idx} [, {countcc}])
 				Number  char index of byte {idx} in {string}
 chdir({dir})			String	change current working directory
 cindent({lnum})			Number	C indent for line {lnum}
 clearmatches([{win}])		none	clear all matches
-col({expr})			Number	column nr of cursor or mark
+col({expr})			Number	column byte index of cursor or mark
 complete({startcol}, {matches}) none	set Insert mode completion
 complete_add({expr})		Number	add completion match
 complete_check()		Number	check for key typed during completion
@@ -2570,6 +2573,7 @@ getbufvar({expr}, {varname} [, {def}])
 getchangelist([{expr}])		List	list of change list items
 getchar([expr])			Number	get one character from the user
 getcharmod()			Number	modifiers for the last typed character
+getcharpos({expr})		List	position of cursor, mark, etc.
 getcharsearch()			Dict	last character search
 getcmdline()			String	return the current command-line
 getcmdpos()			Number	return cursor position in command-line
@@ -2578,6 +2582,7 @@ getcmdwintype()			String	return current command-line window type
 getcompletion({pat}, {type} [, {filtered}])
 				List	list of cmdline completion matches
 getcurpos([{winnr}])		List	position of the cursor
+getcursorcharpos([{winnr}])	List	character position of the cursor
 getcwd([{winnr} [, {tabnr}]])	String	get the current working directory
 getenv({name})			String	return environment variable
 getfontname([{name}])		String	name of font being used
@@ -2840,8 +2845,10 @@ setbufline({expr}, {lnum}, {text})
 setbufvar({expr}, {varname}, {val})
 				none	set {varname} in buffer {expr} to {val}
 setcellwidths({list})		none	set character cell width overrides
+setcharpos({expr}, {list})	Number	set the {expr} position to {list}
 setcharsearch({dict})		Dict	set character search from {dict}
 setcmdpos({pos})		Number	set cursor position in command-line
+setcursorcharpos({list})	Number	move cursor to position in {list}
 setenv({name}, {val})		none	set environment variable
 setfperm({fname}, {mode})	Number	set {fname} file permissions to {mode}
 setline({lnum}, {line})		Number	set line {lnum} to {line}
@@ -3525,8 +3532,8 @@ byteidxcomp({expr}, {nr})					*byteidxcomp()*
 <		The first and third echo result in 3 ('e' plus composing
 		character is 3 bytes), the second echo results in 1 ('e' is
 		one byte).
-		Only works differently from byteidx() when 'encoding' is set to
-		a Unicode encoding.
+		Only works differently from byteidx() when 'encoding' is set
+		to a Unicode encoding.
 
 		Can also be used as a |method|: >
 			GetName()->byteidxcomp(idx)
@@ -3602,6 +3609,18 @@ charclass({string})					*charclass()*
 			other	specific Unicode class
 		The class is used in patterns and word motions.
 
+							*charcol()*
+charcol({expr})	Same as |col()| but returns the character index of the column
+		position given with {expr} instead of the byte position.
+
+		Example:
+		With the cursor on '세' in line 5 with text "여보세요": >
+			charcol('.')		returns 3
+			col('.')		returns 7
+
+<		Can also be used as a |method|: >
+			GetPos()->col()
+<
 							*charidx()*
 charidx({string}, {idx} [, {countcc}])
 		Return the character index of the byte at {idx} in {string}.
@@ -3692,7 +3711,8 @@ col({expr})	The result is a Number, which is the byte index of the column
 		out of range then col() returns zero.
 		To get the line number use |line()|.  To get both use
 		|getpos()|.
-		For the screen column position use |virtcol()|.
+		For the screen column position use |virtcol()|.  For the
+		character position use |charcol()|.
 		Note that only marks in the current file can be used.
 		Examples: >
 			col(".")		column of cursor
@@ -3993,6 +4013,9 @@ cursor({list})
 		This is like the return value of |getpos()| or |getcurpos()|,
 		but without the first item.
 
+		To position the cursor using the character count, use
+		|setcursorcharpos()|.
+
 		Does not change the jumplist.
 		If {lnum} is greater than the number of lines in the buffer,
 		the cursor will be positioned at the last line in the buffer.
@@ -5232,6 +5255,20 @@ getcharmod()						*getcharmod()*
 		character itself are obtained.  Thus Shift-a results in "A"
 		without a modifier.
 
+							*getcharpos()*
+getcharpos({expr})
+		Get the position for {expr}. Same as |getpos()| but the column
+		number in the returned List is a character index instead of
+		a byte index.
+
+		Example:
+		With the cursor on '세' in line 5 with text "여보세요": >
+			getcharpos('.')		returns [0, 5, 3, 0]
+			getpos('.')		returns [0, 5, 7, 0]
+<
+		Can also be used as a |method|: >
+			GetMark()->getcharpos()
+
 getcharsearch()						*getcharsearch()*
 		Return the current character search information as a {dict}
 		with the following entries:
@@ -5357,8 +5394,11 @@ getcurpos([{winid}])
 		includes an extra "curswant" item in the list:
 		    [0, lnum, col, off, curswant] ~
 		The "curswant" number is the preferred column when moving the
-		cursor vertically.  Also see |getpos()|.
-		The first "bufnum" item is always zero.
+		cursor vertically.  Also see |getcursorcharpos()| and
+		|getpos()|.
+		The first "bufnum" item is always zero. The byte position of
+		the cursor is returned in 'col'. To get the character
+		position, use |getcursorcharpos()|.
 
 		The optional {winid} argument can specify the window.  It can
 		be the window number or the |window-ID|.  The last known
@@ -5372,7 +5412,24 @@ getcurpos([{winid}])
 			call setpos('.', save_cursor)
 <		Note that this only works within the window.  See
 		|winrestview()| for restoring more state.
-							*getcwd()*
+
+		Can also be used as a |method|: >
+			GetWinid()->getcurpos()
+
+<							*getcursorcharpos()*
+getcursorcharpos([{winid}])
+		Same as |getcurpos()| but the column number in the returned
+		List is a character index instead of a byte index.
+
+		Example:
+		With the cursor on '보' in line 3 with text "여보세요": >
+			getcursorcharpos()	returns [0, 3, 2, 0, 3]
+			getcurpos()		returns [0, 3, 4, 0, 3]
+
+<		Can also be used as a |method|: >
+			GetWinid()->getcursorcharpos()
+
+<							*getcwd()*
 getcwd([{winnr} [, {tabnr}]])
 		The result is a String, which is the name of the current
 		working directory.
@@ -5679,16 +5736,18 @@ getpos({expr})	Get the position for {expr}.  For possible values of {expr}
 		Note that for '< and '> Visual mode matters: when it is "V"
 		(visual line mode) the column of '< is zero and the column of
 		'> is a large number.
+		The column number in the returned List is the byte position
+		within the line. To get the character position in the line,
+		use |getcharpos()|
 		This can be used to save and restore the position of a mark: >
 			let save_a_mark = getpos("'a")
 			...
 			call setpos("'a", save_a_mark)
-<		Also see |getcurpos()| and |setpos()|.
+<		Also see |getcharpos()|, |getcurpos()| and |setpos()|.
 
 		Can also be used as a |method|: >
 			GetMark()->getpos()
 
-
 getqflist([{what}])					*getqflist()*
 		Returns a |List| with all the current quickfix errors.  Each
 		list item is a dictionary with these entries:
@@ -7554,8 +7613,10 @@ matchstrpos({expr}, {pat} [, {start} [, {count}]])		*matchstrpos()*
 <
 
 							*max()*
-max({expr})	Return the maximum value of all items in {expr}.
-		{expr} can be a |List| or a |Dictionary|.  For a Dictionary,
+max({expr})	Return the maximum value of all items in {expr}. Example: >
+			echo max([apples, pears, oranges])
+
+<		{expr} can be a |List| or a |Dictionary|.  For a Dictionary,
 		it returns the maximum of all values in the Dictionary.
 		If {expr} is neither a List nor a Dictionary, or one of the
 		items in {expr} cannot be used as a Number this results in
@@ -7625,8 +7686,10 @@ menu_info({name} [, {mode}])				*menu_info()*
 
 
 <							*min()*
-min({expr})	Return the minimum value of all items in {expr}.
-		{expr} can be a |List| or a |Dictionary|.  For a Dictionary,
+min({expr})	Return the minimum value of all items in {expr}. Example:  >
+			echo min([apples, pears, oranges])
+
+<		{expr} can be a |List| or a |Dictionary|.  For a Dictionary,
 		it returns the minimum of all values in the Dictionary.
 		If {expr} is neither a List nor a Dictionary, or one of the
 		items in {expr} cannot be used as a Number this results in
@@ -7643,13 +7706,13 @@ mkdir({name} [, {path} [, {prot}]])
 		necessary.  Otherwise it must be "".
 
 		If {prot} is given it is used to set the protection bits of
-		the new directory.  The default is 0755 (rwxr-xr-x: r/w for
-		the user readable for others).  Use 0700 to make it unreadable
-		for others.  This is only used for the last part of {name}.
-		Thus if you create /tmp/foo/bar then /tmp/foo will be created
-		with 0755.
+		the new directory.  The default is 0o755 (rwxr-xr-x: r/w for
+		the user, readable for others).  Use 0o700 to make it
+		unreadable for others.  This is only used for the last part of
+		{name}.  Thus if you create /tmp/foo/bar then /tmp/foo will be
+		created with 0o755.
 		Example: >
-			:call mkdir($HOME . "/tmp/foo/bar", "p", 0700)
+			:call mkdir($HOME . "/tmp/foo/bar", "p", 0o700)
 
 <		This function is not available in the |sandbox|.
 
@@ -9212,6 +9275,19 @@ setcellwidths({list})					*setcellwidths()*
 <		You can use the script $VIMRUNTIME/tools/emoji_list.vim to see
 		the effect for known emoji characters.
 
+setcharpos({expr}, {list})				*setcharpos()*
+		Same as |setpos()| but uses the specified column number as the
+		character index instead of the byte index in the line.
+
+		Example:
+		With the text "여보세요" in line 8: >
+			call setcharpos('.', [0, 8, 4, 0])
+<		positions the cursor on the fourth character '요'. >
+			call setpos('.', [0, 8, 4, 0])
+<		positions the cursor on the second character '보'.
+
+		Can also be used as a |method|: >
+			GetPosition()->setcharpos('.')
 
 setcharsearch({dict})					*setcharsearch()*
 		Set the current character search information to {dict},
@@ -9254,6 +9330,21 @@ setcmdpos({pos})					*setcmdpos()*
 		Can also be used as a |method|: >
 			GetPos()->setcmdpos()
 
+setcursorcharpos({lnum}, {col} [, {off}])		*setcursorcharpos()*
+setcursorcharpos({list})
+		Same as |cursor()| but uses the specified column number as the
+		character index instead of the byte index in the line.
+
+		Example:
+		With the text "여보세요" in line 4: >
+			call setcursorcharpos(4, 3)
+<		positions the cursor on the third character '세'. >
+			call cursor(4, 3)
+<		positions the cursor on the first character '여'.
+
+		Can also be used as a |method|: >
+			GetCursorPos()->setcursorcharpos()
+
 setenv({name}, {val})						*setenv()*
 		Set environment variable {name} to {val}.
 		When {val} is |v:null| the environment variable is deleted.
@@ -9365,7 +9456,8 @@ setpos({expr}, {list})
 
 		"lnum" and "col" are the position in the buffer.  The first
 		column is 1.  Use a zero "lnum" to delete a mark.  If "col" is
-		smaller than 1 then 1 is used.
+		smaller than 1 then 1 is used. To use the character count
+		instead of the byte count, use |setcharpos()|.
 
 		The "off" number is only used when 'virtualedit' is set. Then
 		it is the offset in screen columns from the start of the
@@ -9385,7 +9477,7 @@ setpos({expr}, {list})
 		Returns 0 when the position could be set, -1 otherwise.
 		An error message is given if {expr} is invalid.
 
-		Also see |getpos()| and |getcurpos()|.
+		Also see |setcharpos()|, |getpos()| and |getcurpos()|.
 
 		This does not restore the preferred column for moving
 		vertically; if you set the cursor position with this, |j| and
diff --git a/runtime/doc/usr_41.txt b/runtime/doc/usr_41.txt
index a035038e47..da095e13f4 100644
--- a/runtime/doc/usr_41.txt
+++ b/runtime/doc/usr_41.txt
@@ -753,6 +753,11 @@ Cursor and mark position:		*cursor-functions* *mark-functions*
 	screenchar()		get character code at a screen line/row
 	screenchars()		get character codes at a screen line/row
 	screenstring()		get string of characters at a screen line/row
+	charcol()		character number of the cursor or a mark
+	getcharpos()		get character position of cursor, mark, etc.
+	setcharpos()		set character position of cursor, mark, etc.
+	getcursorcharpos()	get character position of the cursor
+	setcursorcharpos()	set character position of the cursor
 
 Working with text in the current buffer:		*text-functions*
 	getline()		get a line or list of lines from the buffer
diff --git a/src/charset.c b/src/charset.c
index bf5af37205..4289360e47 100644
--- a/src/charset.c
+++ b/src/charset.c
@@ -1594,6 +1594,12 @@ vim_isbdigit(int c)
     return (c == '0' || c == '1');
 }
 
+    static int
+vim_isodigit(int c)
+{
+    return (c >= '0' && c <= '7');
+}
+
 /*
  * Vim's own character class functions.  These exist because many library
  * islower()/toupper() etc. do not work properly: they crash when used with
@@ -1831,7 +1837,7 @@ vim_str2nr(
 	    // binary
 	    ptr += 2;
 	else if ((what & STR2NR_OOCT)
-		&& (pre == 'O' || pre == 'o') && vim_isbdigit(ptr[2])
+		&& (pre == 'O' || pre == 'o') && vim_isodigit(ptr[2])
 		&& (maxlen == 0 || maxlen > 2))
 	    // octal with prefix "0o"
 	    ptr += 2;
diff --git a/src/errors.h b/src/errors.h
index e71b706004..47e9876f68 100644
--- a/src/errors.h
+++ b/src/errors.h
@@ -341,3 +341,5 @@ EXTERN char e_mismatched_endfunction[]
 	INIT(= N_("E1151: Mismatched endfunction"));
 EXTERN char e_mismatched_enddef[]
 	INIT(= N_("E1152: Mismatched enddef"));
+EXTERN char e_invalid_operation_for_bool[]
+	INIT(= N_("E1153: Invalid operation for bool"));
diff --git a/src/eval.c b/src/eval.c
index 02cfd7d7dd..a0877f649b 100644
--- a/src/eval.c
+++ b/src/eval.c
@@ -721,8 +721,10 @@ call_func_retlist(
 
 #ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
 /*
- * Evaluate 'foldexpr'.  Returns the foldlevel, and any character preceding
- * it in "*cp".  Doesn't give error messages.
+ * Evaluate "arg", which is 'foldexpr'.
+ * Note: caller must set "curwin" to match "arg".
+ * Returns the foldlevel, and any character preceding it in "*cp".  Doesn't
+ * give error messages.
  */
     int
 eval_foldexpr(char_u *arg, int *cp)
@@ -809,6 +811,7 @@ get_lval(
     int		len;
     hashtab_T	*ht = NULL;
     int		quiet = flags & GLV_QUIET;
+    int		writing;
 
     // Clear everything in "lp".
     CLEAR_POINTER(lp);
@@ -882,10 +885,10 @@ get_lval(
 
     cc = *p;
     *p = NUL;
-    // Only pass &ht when we would write to the variable, it prevents autoload
-    // as well.
-    v = find_var(lp->ll_name, (flags & GLV_READ_ONLY) ? NULL : &ht,
-						      flags & GLV_NO_AUTOLOAD);
+    // When we would write to the variable pass &ht and prevent autoload.
+    writing = !(flags & GLV_READ_ONLY);
+    v = find_var(lp->ll_name, writing ? &ht : NULL,
+					 (flags & GLV_NO_AUTOLOAD) || writing);
     if (v == NULL && !quiet)
 	semsg(_(e_undefined_variable_str), lp->ll_name);
     *p = cc;
@@ -1972,13 +1975,15 @@ eval_func(
     int		len = name_len;
     partial_T	*partial;
     int		ret = OK;
+    type_T	*type = NULL;
 
     if (!evaluate)
 	check_vars(s, len);
 
     // If "s" is the name of a variable of type VAR_FUNC
     // use its contents.
-    s = deref_func_name(s, &len, &partial, !evaluate);
+    s = deref_func_name(s, &len, &partial,
+				    in_vim9script() ? &type : NULL, !evaluate);
 
     // Need to make a copy, in case evaluating the arguments makes
     // the name invalid.
@@ -1996,6 +2001,7 @@ eval_func(
 	funcexe.evaluate = evaluate;
 	funcexe.partial = partial;
 	funcexe.basetv = basetv;
+	funcexe.check_type = type;
 	ret = get_func_tv(s, len, rettv, arg, evalarg, &funcexe);
     }
     vim_free(s);
@@ -2649,7 +2655,7 @@ eval4(char_u **arg, typval_T *rettv, evalarg_T *evalarg)
 {
     char_u	*p;
     int		getnext;
-    exptype_T	type = EXPR_UNKNOWN;
+    exprtype_T	type = EXPR_UNKNOWN;
     int		len = 2;
     int		type_is = FALSE;
 
@@ -5047,6 +5053,61 @@ string2float(
 }
 #endif
 
+/*
+ * Convert the specified byte index of line 'lnum' in buffer 'buf' to a
+ * character index.  Works only for loaded buffers. Returns -1 on failure.
+ * The index of the first character is one.
+ */
+    int
+buf_byteidx_to_charidx(buf_T *buf, int lnum, int byteidx)
+{
+    char_u	*str;
+
+    if (buf == NULL || buf->b_ml.ml_mfp == NULL)
+	return -1;
+
+    if (lnum > buf->b_ml.ml_line_count)
+	lnum = buf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
+
+    str = ml_get_buf(buf, lnum, FALSE);
+    if (str == NULL)
+	return -1;
+
+    if (*str == NUL)
+	return 1;
+
+    return mb_charlen_len(str, byteidx + 1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Convert the specified character index of line 'lnum' in buffer 'buf' to a
+ * byte index.  Works only for loaded buffers. Returns -1 on failure. The index
+ * of the first byte and the first character is one.
+ */
+    int
+buf_charidx_to_byteidx(buf_T *buf, int lnum, int charidx)
+{
+    char_u	*str;
+    char_u	*t;
+
+    if (buf == NULL || buf->b_ml.ml_mfp == NULL)
+	return -1;
+
+    if (lnum > buf->b_ml.ml_line_count)
+	lnum = buf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
+
+    str = ml_get_buf(buf, lnum, FALSE);
+    if (str == NULL)
+	return -1;
+
+    // Convert the character offset to a byte offset
+    t = str;
+    while (*t != NUL && --charidx > 0)
+	t += mb_ptr2len(t);
+
+    return t - str + 1;
+}
+
 /*
  * Translate a String variable into a position.
  * Returns NULL when there is an error.
@@ -5055,7 +5116,8 @@ string2float(
 var2fpos(
     typval_T	*varp,
     int		dollar_lnum,	// TRUE when $ is last line
-    int		*fnum)		// set to fnum for '0, 'A, etc.
+    int		*fnum,		// set to fnum for '0, 'A, etc.
+    int		charcol)	// return character column
 {
     char_u		*name;
     static pos_T	pos;
@@ -5077,7 +5139,10 @@ var2fpos(
 	pos.lnum = list_find_nr(l, 0L, &error);
 	if (error || pos.lnum <= 0 || pos.lnum > curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count)
 	    return NULL;	// invalid line number
-	len = (long)STRLEN(ml_get(pos.lnum));
+	if (charcol)
+	    len = (long)mb_charlen(ml_get(pos.lnum));
+	else
+	    len = (long)STRLEN(ml_get(pos.lnum));
 
 	// Get the column number
 	// We accept "$" for the column number: last column.
@@ -5112,18 +5177,29 @@ var2fpos(
     if (name == NULL)
 	return NULL;
     if (name[0] == '.')				// cursor
-	return &curwin->w_cursor;
+    {
+	pos = curwin->w_cursor;
+	if (charcol)
+	    pos.col = buf_byteidx_to_charidx(curbuf, pos.lnum, pos.col) - 1;
+	return &pos;
+    }
     if (name[0] == 'v' && name[1] == NUL)	// Visual start
     {
 	if (VIsual_active)
-	    return &VIsual;
-	return &curwin->w_cursor;
+	    pos = VIsual;
+	else
+	    pos = curwin->w_cursor;
+	if (charcol)
+	    pos.col = buf_byteidx_to_charidx(curbuf, pos.lnum, pos.col) - 1;
+	return &pos;
     }
     if (name[0] == '\'')			// mark
     {
 	pp = getmark_buf_fnum(curbuf, name[1], FALSE, fnum);
 	if (pp == NULL || pp == (pos_T *)-1 || pp->lnum <= 0)
 	    return NULL;
+	if (charcol)
+	    pp->col = buf_byteidx_to_charidx(curbuf, pp->lnum, pp->col) - 1;
 	return pp;
     }
 
@@ -5158,7 +5234,10 @@ var2fpos(
 	else
 	{
 	    pos.lnum = curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
-	    pos.col = (colnr_T)STRLEN(ml_get_curline());
+	    if (charcol)
+		pos.col = (colnr_T)mb_charlen(ml_get_curline());
+	    else
+		pos.col = (colnr_T)STRLEN(ml_get_curline());
 	}
 	return &pos;
     }
@@ -5178,7 +5257,8 @@ list2fpos(
     typval_T	*arg,
     pos_T	*posp,
     int		*fnump,
-    colnr_T	*curswantp)
+    colnr_T	*curswantp,
+    int		charcol)
 {
     list_T	*l = arg->vval.v_list;
     long	i = 0;
@@ -5210,6 +5290,18 @@ list2fpos(
     n = list_find_nr(l, i++, NULL);	// col
     if (n < 0)
 	return FAIL;
+    // If character position is specified, then convert to byte position
+    if (charcol)
+    {
+	buf_T	*buf;
+
+	// Get the text for the specified line in a loaded buffer
+	buf = buflist_findnr(fnump == NULL ? curbuf->b_fnum : *fnump);
+	if (buf == NULL || buf->b_ml.ml_mfp == NULL)
+	    return FAIL;
+
+	n = buf_charidx_to_byteidx(buf, posp->lnum, n);
+    }
     posp->col = n;
 
     n = list_find_nr(l, i, NULL);	// off
@@ -5542,97 +5634,6 @@ eval_isdictc(int c)
     return ASCII_ISALNUM(c) || c == '_';
 }
 
-/*
- * Return the character "str[index]" where "index" is the character index.  If
- * "index" is out of range NULL is returned.
- */
-    char_u *
-char_from_string(char_u *str, varnumber_T index)
-{
-    size_t	    nbyte = 0;
-    varnumber_T	    nchar = index;
-    size_t	    slen;
-
-    if (str == NULL || index < 0)
-	return NULL;
-    slen = STRLEN(str);
-    while (nchar > 0 && nbyte < slen)
-    {
-	nbyte += MB_CPTR2LEN(str + nbyte);
-	--nchar;
-    }
-    if (nbyte >= slen)
-	return NULL;
-    return vim_strnsave(str + nbyte, MB_CPTR2LEN(str + nbyte));
-}
-
-/*
- * Get the byte index for character index "idx" in string "str" with length
- * "str_len".
- * If going over the end return "str_len".
- * If "idx" is negative count from the end, -1 is the last character.
- * When going over the start return -1.
- */
-    static long
-char_idx2byte(char_u *str, size_t str_len, varnumber_T idx)
-{
-    varnumber_T nchar = idx;
-    size_t	nbyte = 0;
-
-    if (nchar >= 0)
-    {
-	while (nchar > 0 && nbyte < str_len)
-	{
-	    nbyte += MB_CPTR2LEN(str + nbyte);
-	    --nchar;
-	}
-    }
-    else
-    {
-	nbyte = str_len;
-	while (nchar < 0 && nbyte > 0)
-	{
-	    --nbyte;
-	    nbyte -= mb_head_off(str, str + nbyte);
-	    ++nchar;
-	}
-	if (nchar < 0)
-	    return -1;
-    }
-    return (long)nbyte;
-}
-
-/*
- * Return the slice "str[first:last]" using character indexes.
- * Return NULL when the result is empty.
- */
-    char_u *
-string_slice(char_u *str, varnumber_T first, varnumber_T last)
-{
-    long	start_byte, end_byte;
-    size_t	slen;
-
-    if (str == NULL)
-	return NULL;
-    slen = STRLEN(str);
-    start_byte = char_idx2byte(str, slen, first);
-    if (start_byte < 0)
-	start_byte = 0; // first index very negative: use zero
-    if (last == -1)
-	end_byte = (long)slen;
-    else
-    {
-	end_byte = char_idx2byte(str, slen, last);
-	if (end_byte >= 0 && end_byte < (long)slen)
-	    // end index is inclusive
-	    end_byte += MB_CPTR2LEN(str + end_byte);
-    }
-
-    if (start_byte >= (long)slen || end_byte <= start_byte)
-	return NULL;
-    return vim_strnsave(str + start_byte, end_byte - start_byte);
-}
-
 /*
  * Handle:
  * - expr[expr], expr[expr:expr] subscript
diff --git a/src/evalfunc.c b/src/evalfunc.c
index 8e49013dda..1428b8f457 100644
--- a/src/evalfunc.c
+++ b/src/evalfunc.c
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ static void f_ceil(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv);
 #endif
 static void f_changenr(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv);
 static void f_char2nr(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv);
+static void f_charcol(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv);
 static void f_charidx(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv);
 static void f_col(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv);
 static void f_confirm(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv);
@@ -87,12 +88,14 @@ static void f_function(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv);
 static void f_garbagecollect(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv);
 static void f_get(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv);
 static void f_getchangelist(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv);
+static void f_getcharpos(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv);
 static void f_getcharsearch(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv);
 static void f_getenv(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv);
 static void f_getfontname(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv);
 static void f_getjumplist(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv);
 static void f_getpid(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv);
 static void f_getcurpos(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv);
+static void f_getcursorcharpos(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv);
 static void f_getpos(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv);
 static void f_getreg(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv);
 static void f_getreginfo(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv);
@@ -190,7 +193,9 @@ static void f_searchdecl(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv);
 static void f_searchpair(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv);
 static void f_searchpairpos(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv);
 static void f_searchpos(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv);
+static void f_setcharpos(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv);
 static void f_setcharsearch(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv);
+static void f_setcursorcharpos(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv);
 static void f_setenv(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv);
 static void f_setfperm(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv);
 static void f_setpos(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv);
@@ -790,6 +795,8 @@ static funcentry_T global_functions[] =
 			ret_number,	    f_char2nr},
     {"charclass",	1, 1, FEARG_1,	    NULL,
 			ret_number,	    f_charclass},
+    {"charcol",		1, 1, FEARG_1,	    NULL,
+			ret_number,	    f_charcol},
     {"charidx",		2, 3, FEARG_1,	    NULL,
 			ret_number,	    f_charidx},
     {"chdir",		1, 1, FEARG_1,	    NULL,
@@ -928,6 +935,8 @@ static funcentry_T global_functions[] =
 			ret_number,	    f_getchar},
     {"getcharmod",	0, 0, 0,	    NULL,
 			ret_number,	    f_getcharmod},
+    {"getcharpos",	1, 1, FEARG_1,	    NULL,
+			ret_list_number,    f_getcharpos},
     {"getcharsearch",	0, 0, 0,	    NULL,
 			ret_dict_any,	    f_getcharsearch},
     {"getcmdline",	0, 0, 0,	    NULL,
@@ -942,6 +951,8 @@ static funcentry_T global_functions[] =
 			ret_list_string,    f_getcompletion},
     {"getcurpos",	0, 1, FEARG_1,	    NULL,
 			ret_list_number,    f_getcurpos},
+    {"getcursorcharpos",	0, 1, FEARG_1,	    NULL,
+			ret_list_number,    f_getcursorcharpos},
     {"getcwd",		0, 2, FEARG_1,	    NULL,
 			ret_string,	    f_getcwd},
     {"getenv",		1, 1, FEARG_1,	    NULL,
@@ -1394,10 +1405,14 @@ static funcentry_T global_functions[] =
 			ret_void,	    f_setbufvar},
     {"setcellwidths",	1, 1, FEARG_1,	    NULL,
 			ret_void,	    f_setcellwidths},
+    {"setcharpos",	2, 2, FEARG_2,	    NULL,
+			ret_number,	    f_setcharpos},
     {"setcharsearch",	1, 1, FEARG_1,	    NULL,
 			ret_void,	    f_setcharsearch},
     {"setcmdpos",	1, 1, FEARG_1,	    NULL,
 			ret_number,	    f_setcmdpos},
+    {"setcursorcharpos",	1, 3, FEARG_1,	    NULL,
+			ret_number,	    f_setcursorcharpos},
     {"setenv",		2, 2, FEARG_2,	    NULL,
 			ret_void,	    f_setenv},
     {"setfperm",	2, 2, FEARG_1,	    NULL,
@@ -1753,7 +1768,7 @@ static funcentry_T global_functions[] =
     {"winrestview",	1, 1, FEARG_1,	    NULL,
 			ret_void,	    f_winrestview},
     {"winsaveview",	0, 0, 0,	    NULL,
-			ret_dict_any,	    f_winsaveview},
+			ret_dict_number,    f_winsaveview},
     {"winwidth",	1, 1, FEARG_1,	    NULL,
 			ret_number,	    f_winwidth},
     {"wordcount",	0, 0, 0,	    NULL,
@@ -1914,6 +1929,15 @@ internal_func_ret_type(int idx, int argcount, type_T **argtypes)
     return global_functions[idx].f_retfunc(argcount, argtypes);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Return TRUE if "idx" is for the map() function.
+ */
+    int
+internal_func_is_map(int idx)
+{
+    return global_functions[idx].f_func == f_map;
+}
+
 /*
  * Check the argument count to use for internal function "idx".
  * Returns -1 for failure, 0 if no method base accepted, 1 if method base is
@@ -2423,6 +2447,61 @@ f_char2nr(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
 	rettv->vval.v_number = tv_get_string(&argvars[0])[0];
 }
 
+/*
+ * Get the current cursor column and store it in 'rettv'. If 'charcol' is TRUE,
+ * returns the character index of the column. Otherwise, returns the byte index
+ * of the column.
+ */
+    static void
+get_col(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv, int charcol)
+{
+    colnr_T	col = 0;
+    pos_T	*fp;
+    int		fnum = curbuf->b_fnum;
+
+    fp = var2fpos(&argvars[0], FALSE, &fnum, charcol);
+    if (fp != NULL && fnum == curbuf->b_fnum)
+    {
+	if (fp->col == MAXCOL)
+	{
+	    // '> can be MAXCOL, get the length of the line then
+	    if (fp->lnum <= curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count)
+		col = (colnr_T)STRLEN(ml_get(fp->lnum)) + 1;
+	    else
+		col = MAXCOL;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+	    col = fp->col + 1;
+	    // col(".") when the cursor is on the NUL at the end of the line
+	    // because of "coladd" can be seen as an extra column.
+	    if (virtual_active() && fp == &curwin->w_cursor)
+	    {
+		char_u	*p = ml_get_cursor();
+
+		if (curwin->w_cursor.coladd >= (colnr_T)chartabsize(p,
+				 curwin->w_virtcol - curwin->w_cursor.coladd))
+		{
+		    int		l;
+
+		    if (*p != NUL && p[(l = (*mb_ptr2len)(p))] == NUL)
+			col += l;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    rettv->vval.v_number = col;
+}
+
+/*
+ * "charcol()" function
+ */
+    static void
+f_charcol(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
+{
+    get_col(argvars, rettv, TRUE);
+}
+
 /*
  * "charidx()" function
  */
@@ -2497,42 +2576,7 @@ get_optional_window(typval_T *argvars, int idx)
     static void
 f_col(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
 {
-    colnr_T	col = 0;
-    pos_T	*fp;
-    int		fnum = curbuf->b_fnum;
-
-    fp = var2fpos(&argvars[0], FALSE, &fnum);
-    if (fp != NULL && fnum == curbuf->b_fnum)
-    {
-	if (fp->col == MAXCOL)
-	{
-	    // '> can be MAXCOL, get the length of the line then
-	    if (fp->lnum <= curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count)
-		col = (colnr_T)STRLEN(ml_get(fp->lnum)) + 1;
-	    else
-		col = MAXCOL;
-	}
-	else
-	{
-	    col = fp->col + 1;
-	    // col(".") when the cursor is on the NUL at the end of the line
-	    // because of "coladd" can be seen as an extra column.
-	    if (virtual_active() && fp == &curwin->w_cursor)
-	    {
-		char_u	*p = ml_get_cursor();
-
-		if (curwin->w_cursor.coladd >= (colnr_T)chartabsize(p,
-				 curwin->w_virtcol - curwin->w_cursor.coladd))
-		{
-		    int		l;
-
-		    if (*p != NUL && p[(l = (*mb_ptr2len)(p))] == NUL)
-			col += l;
-		}
-	    }
-	}
-    }
-    rettv->vval.v_number = col;
+    get_col(argvars, rettv, FALSE);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2633,26 +2677,24 @@ f_cosh(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
 #endif
 
 /*
- * "cursor(lnum, col)" function, or
- * "cursor(list)"
- *
- * Moves the cursor to the specified line and column.
- * Returns 0 when the position could be set, -1 otherwise.
+ * Set the cursor position.
+ * If 'charcol' is TRUE, then use the column number as a character offet.
+ * Otherwise use the column number as a byte offset.
  */
     static void
-f_cursor(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
+set_cursorpos(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv, int charcol)
 {
     long	line, col;
     long	coladd = 0;
     int		set_curswant = TRUE;
 
     rettv->vval.v_number = -1;
-    if (argvars[1].v_type == VAR_UNKNOWN)
+    if (argvars[0].v_type == VAR_LIST)
     {
 	pos_T	    pos;
 	colnr_T	    curswant = -1;
 
-	if (list2fpos(argvars, &pos, NULL, &curswant) == FAIL)
+	if (list2fpos(argvars, &pos, NULL, &curswant, charcol) == FAIL)
 	{
 	    emsg(_(e_invarg));
 	    return;
@@ -2666,15 +2708,24 @@ f_cursor(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
 	    set_curswant = FALSE;
 	}
     }
-    else
+    else if ((argvars[0].v_type == VAR_NUMBER ||
+					argvars[0].v_type == VAR_STRING)
+	    && argvars[1].v_type == VAR_NUMBER)
     {
 	line = tv_get_lnum(argvars);
 	if (line < 0)
 	    semsg(_(e_invarg2), tv_get_string(&argvars[0]));
 	col = (long)tv_get_number_chk(&argvars[1], NULL);
+	if (charcol)
+	    col = buf_charidx_to_byteidx(curbuf, line, col);
 	if (argvars[2].v_type != VAR_UNKNOWN)
 	    coladd = (long)tv_get_number_chk(&argvars[2], NULL);
     }
+    else
+    {
+	emsg(_(e_invarg));
+	return;
+    }
     if (line < 0 || col < 0 || coladd < 0)
 	return;		// type error; errmsg already given
     if (line > 0)
@@ -2693,6 +2744,19 @@ f_cursor(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
     rettv->vval.v_number = 0;
 }
 
+/*
+ * "cursor(lnum, col)" function, or
+ * "cursor(list)"
+ *
+ * Moves the cursor to the specified line and column.
+ * Returns 0 when the position could be set, -1 otherwise.
+ */
+    static void
+f_cursor(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
+{
+    set_cursorpos(argvars, rettv, FALSE);
+}
+
 #ifdef MSWIN
 /*
  * "debugbreak()" function
@@ -3497,7 +3561,8 @@ common_function(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv, int is_funcref)
     {
 	name = s;
 	trans_name = trans_function_name(&name, &is_global, FALSE,
-	     TFN_INT | TFN_QUIET | TFN_NO_AUTOLOAD | TFN_NO_DEREF, NULL, NULL);
+	     TFN_INT | TFN_QUIET | TFN_NO_AUTOLOAD | TFN_NO_DEREF,
+							     NULL, NULL, NULL);
 	if (*name != NUL)
 	    s = NULL;
     }
@@ -3886,6 +3951,88 @@ f_getchangelist(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
 #endif
 }
 
+    static void
+getpos_both(
+    typval_T	*argvars,
+    typval_T	*rettv,
+    int		getcurpos,
+    int		charcol)
+{
+    pos_T	*fp = NULL;
+    pos_T	pos;
+    win_T	*wp = curwin;
+    list_T	*l;
+    int		fnum = -1;
+
+    if (rettv_list_alloc(rettv) == OK)
+    {
+	l = rettv->vval.v_list;
+	if (getcurpos)
+	{
+	    if (argvars[0].v_type != VAR_UNKNOWN)
+	    {
+		wp = find_win_by_nr_or_id(&argvars[0]);
+		if (wp != NULL)
+		    fp = &wp->w_cursor;
+	    }
+	    else
+		fp = &curwin->w_cursor;
+	    if (fp != NULL && charcol)
+	    {
+		pos = *fp;
+		pos.col = buf_byteidx_to_charidx(wp->w_buffer, pos.lnum,
+								pos.col) - 1;
+		fp = &pos;
+	    }
+	}
+	else
+	    fp = var2fpos(&argvars[0], TRUE, &fnum, charcol);
+	if (fnum != -1)
+	    list_append_number(l, (varnumber_T)fnum);
+	else
+	    list_append_number(l, (varnumber_T)0);
+	list_append_number(l, (fp != NULL) ? (varnumber_T)fp->lnum
+							    : (varnumber_T)0);
+	list_append_number(l, (fp != NULL)
+		     ? (varnumber_T)(fp->col == MAXCOL ? MAXCOL : fp->col + 1)
+							    : (varnumber_T)0);
+	list_append_number(l, (fp != NULL) ? (varnumber_T)fp->coladd :
+							      (varnumber_T)0);
+	if (getcurpos)
+	{
+	    int	    save_set_curswant = curwin->w_set_curswant;
+	    colnr_T save_curswant = curwin->w_curswant;
+	    colnr_T save_virtcol = curwin->w_virtcol;
+
+	    if (wp == curwin)
+		update_curswant();
+	    list_append_number(l, wp == NULL ? 0 : wp->w_curswant == MAXCOL
+		    ?  (varnumber_T)MAXCOL : (varnumber_T)wp->w_curswant + 1);
+
+	    // Do not change "curswant", as it is unexpected that a get
+	    // function has a side effect.
+	    if (wp == curwin && save_set_curswant)
+	    {
+		curwin->w_set_curswant = save_set_curswant;
+		curwin->w_curswant = save_curswant;
+		curwin->w_virtcol = save_virtcol;
+		curwin->w_valid &= ~VALID_VIRTCOL;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    else
+	rettv->vval.v_number = FALSE;
+}
+
+/*
+ * "getcharpos()" function
+ */
+    static void
+f_getcharpos(typval_T *argvars UNUSED, typval_T *rettv)
+{
+    getpos_both(argvars, rettv, FALSE, TRUE);
+}
+
 /*
  * "getcharsearch()" function
  */
@@ -4018,77 +4165,19 @@ f_getpid(typval_T *argvars UNUSED, typval_T *rettv)
     rettv->vval.v_number = mch_get_pid();
 }
 
-    static void
-getpos_both(
-    typval_T	*argvars,
-    typval_T	*rettv,
-    int		getcurpos)
-{
-    pos_T	*fp = NULL;
-    win_T	*wp = curwin;
-    list_T	*l;
-    int		fnum = -1;
-
-    if (rettv_list_alloc(rettv) == OK)
-    {
-	l = rettv->vval.v_list;
-	if (getcurpos)
-	{
-	    if (argvars[0].v_type != VAR_UNKNOWN)
-	    {
-		wp = find_win_by_nr_or_id(&argvars[0]);
-		if (wp != NULL)
-		    fp = &wp->w_cursor;
-	    }
-	    else
-		fp = &curwin->w_cursor;
-	}
-	else
-	    fp = var2fpos(&argvars[0], TRUE, &fnum);
-	if (fnum != -1)
-	    list_append_number(l, (varnumber_T)fnum);
-	else
-	    list_append_number(l, (varnumber_T)0);
-	list_append_number(l, (fp != NULL) ? (varnumber_T)fp->lnum
-							    : (varnumber_T)0);
-	list_append_number(l, (fp != NULL)
-		     ? (varnumber_T)(fp->col == MAXCOL ? MAXCOL : fp->col + 1)
-							    : (varnumber_T)0);
-	list_append_number(l, (fp != NULL) ? (varnumber_T)fp->coladd :
-							      (varnumber_T)0);
-	if (getcurpos)
-	{
-	    int	    save_set_curswant = curwin->w_set_curswant;
-	    colnr_T save_curswant = curwin->w_curswant;
-	    colnr_T save_virtcol = curwin->w_virtcol;
-
-	    if (wp == curwin)
-		update_curswant();
-	    list_append_number(l, wp == NULL ? 0 : wp->w_curswant == MAXCOL
-		    ?  (varnumber_T)MAXCOL : (varnumber_T)wp->w_curswant + 1);
-
-	    // Do not change "curswant", as it is unexpected that a get
-	    // function has a side effect.
-	    if (wp == curwin && save_set_curswant)
-	    {
-		curwin->w_set_curswant = save_set_curswant;
-		curwin->w_curswant = save_curswant;
-		curwin->w_virtcol = save_virtcol;
-		curwin->w_valid &= ~VALID_VIRTCOL;
-	    }
-	}
-    }
-    else
-	rettv->vval.v_number = FALSE;
-}
-
 /*
  * "getcurpos()" function
  */
     static void
 f_getcurpos(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
 {
-    getpos_both(argvars, rettv, TRUE);
+    getpos_both(argvars, rettv, TRUE, FALSE);
+}
+
+    static void
+f_getcursorcharpos(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
+{
+    getpos_both(argvars, rettv, TRUE, TRUE);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -4097,7 +4186,7 @@ f_getcurpos(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
     static void
 f_getpos(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
 {
-    getpos_both(argvars, rettv, FALSE);
+    getpos_both(argvars, rettv, FALSE, FALSE);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -6217,14 +6306,14 @@ f_line(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
 									 == OK)
 	    {
 		check_cursor();
-		fp = var2fpos(&argvars[0], TRUE, &fnum);
+		fp = var2fpos(&argvars[0], TRUE, &fnum, FALSE);
 	    }
 	    restore_win_noblock(save_curwin, save_curtab, TRUE);
 	}
     }
     else
 	// use current window
-	fp = var2fpos(&argvars[0], TRUE, &fnum);
+	fp = var2fpos(&argvars[0], TRUE, &fnum, FALSE);
 
     if (fp != NULL)
 	lnum = fp->lnum;
@@ -8099,6 +8188,60 @@ f_searchpos(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
 	list_append_number(rettv->vval.v_list, (varnumber_T)n);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Set the cursor or mark position.
+ * If 'charpos' is TRUE, then use the column number as a character offet.
+ * Otherwise use the column number as a byte offset.
+ */
+    static void
+set_position(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv, int charpos)
+{
+    pos_T	pos;
+    int		fnum;
+    char_u	*name;
+    colnr_T	curswant = -1;
+
+    rettv->vval.v_number = -1;
+
+    name = tv_get_string_chk(argvars);
+    if (name != NULL)
+    {
+	if (list2fpos(&argvars[1], &pos, &fnum, &curswant, charpos) == OK)
+	{
+	    if (pos.col != MAXCOL && --pos.col < 0)
+		pos.col = 0;
+	    if ((name[0] == '.' && name[1] == NUL))
+	    {
+		// set cursor; "fnum" is ignored
+		curwin->w_cursor = pos;
+		if (curswant >= 0)
+		{
+		    curwin->w_curswant = curswant - 1;
+		    curwin->w_set_curswant = FALSE;
+		}
+		check_cursor();
+		rettv->vval.v_number = 0;
+	    }
+	    else if (name[0] == '\'' && name[1] != NUL && name[2] == NUL)
+	    {
+		// set mark
+		if (setmark_pos(name[1], &pos, fnum) == OK)
+		    rettv->vval.v_number = 0;
+	    }
+	    else
+		emsg(_(e_invarg));
+	}
+    }
+}
+/*
+ * "setcharpos()" function
+ */
+    static void
+f_setcharpos(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
+{
+    set_position(argvars, rettv, TRUE);
+}
+
     static void
 f_setcharsearch(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv UNUSED)
 {
@@ -8140,6 +8283,15 @@ f_setcharsearch(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv UNUSED)
     }
 }
 
+/*
+ * "setcursorcharpos" function
+ */
+    static void
+f_setcursorcharpos(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv UNUSED)
+{
+    set_cursorpos(argvars, rettv, TRUE);
+}
+
 /*
  * "setenv()" function
  */
@@ -8199,41 +8351,7 @@ f_setfperm(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
     static void
 f_setpos(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
 {
-    pos_T	pos;
-    int		fnum;
-    char_u	*name;
-    colnr_T	curswant = -1;
-
-    rettv->vval.v_number = -1;
-    name = tv_get_string_chk(argvars);
-    if (name != NULL)
-    {
-	if (list2fpos(&argvars[1], &pos, &fnum, &curswant) == OK)
-	{
-	    if (pos.col != MAXCOL && --pos.col < 0)
-		pos.col = 0;
-	    if (name[0] == '.' && name[1] == NUL)
-	    {
-		// set cursor; "fnum" is ignored
-		curwin->w_cursor = pos;
-		if (curswant >= 0)
-		{
-		    curwin->w_curswant = curswant - 1;
-		    curwin->w_set_curswant = FALSE;
-		}
-		check_cursor();
-		rettv->vval.v_number = 0;
-	    }
-	    else if (name[0] == '\'' && name[1] != NUL && name[2] == NUL)
-	    {
-		// set mark
-		if (setmark_pos(name[1], &pos, fnum) == OK)
-		    rettv->vval.v_number = 0;
-	    }
-	    else
-		emsg(_(e_invarg));
-	}
-    }
+    set_position(argvars, rettv, FALSE);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -9981,7 +10099,7 @@ f_virtcol(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
     int		fnum = curbuf->b_fnum;
     int		len;
 
-    fp = var2fpos(&argvars[0], FALSE, &fnum);
+    fp = var2fpos(&argvars[0], FALSE, &fnum, FALSE);
     if (fp != NULL && fp->lnum <= curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count
 						    && fnum == curbuf->b_fnum)
     {
diff --git a/src/evalvars.c b/src/evalvars.c
index a6d2988d77..90e2dd19ab 100644
--- a/src/evalvars.c
+++ b/src/evalvars.c
@@ -2641,8 +2641,7 @@ check_vars(char_u *name, int len)
  * Find variable "name" in the list of variables.
  * Return a pointer to it if found, NULL if not found.
  * Careful: "a:0" variables don't have a name.
- * When "htp" is not NULL we are writing to the variable, set "htp" to the
- * hashtab_T used.
+ * When "htp" is not NULL  set "htp" to the hashtab_T used.
  */
     dictitem_T *
 find_var(char_u *name, hashtab_T **htp, int no_autoload)
@@ -2656,12 +2655,12 @@ find_var(char_u *name, hashtab_T **htp, int no_autoload)
 	*htp = ht;
     if (ht == NULL)
 	return NULL;
-    ret = find_var_in_ht(ht, *name, varname, no_autoload || htp != NULL);
+    ret = find_var_in_ht(ht, *name, varname, no_autoload);
     if (ret != NULL)
 	return ret;
 
     // Search in parent scope for lambda
-    ret = find_var_in_scoped_ht(name, no_autoload || htp != NULL);
+    ret = find_var_in_scoped_ht(name, no_autoload);
     if (ret != NULL)
 	return ret;
 
@@ -2671,8 +2670,7 @@ find_var(char_u *name, hashtab_T **htp, int no_autoload)
 	ht = get_script_local_ht();
 	if (ht != NULL)
 	{
-	    ret = find_var_in_ht(ht, *name, varname,
-						   no_autoload || htp != NULL);
+	    ret = find_var_in_ht(ht, *name, varname, no_autoload);
 	    if (ret != NULL)
 	    {
 		if (htp != NULL)
diff --git a/src/ex_cmds.c b/src/ex_cmds.c
index c61810fe6c..24763d94d3 100644
--- a/src/ex_cmds.c
+++ b/src/ex_cmds.c
@@ -1360,8 +1360,8 @@ do_shell(
 #endif
 #ifdef MSWIN
     int		winstart = FALSE;
-    int		keep_termcap = FALSE;
 #endif
+    int		keep_termcap = !termcap_active;
 
     /*
      * Disallow shell commands for "rvim".
@@ -1395,9 +1395,7 @@ do_shell(
     msg_putchar('\r');			// put cursor at start of line
     if (!autocmd_busy)
     {
-#ifdef MSWIN
 	if (!keep_termcap)
-#endif
 	    stoptermcap();
     }
 #ifdef MSWIN
@@ -1488,9 +1486,7 @@ do_shell(
 	}
 #endif // FEAT_GUI_MSWIN
 
-#ifdef MSWIN
 	if (!keep_termcap)	// if keep_termcap is TRUE didn't stop termcap
-#endif
 	    starttermcap();	// start termcap if not done by wait_return()
 
 	/*
diff --git a/src/ex_docmd.c b/src/ex_docmd.c
index d9617bea06..3f8d1710a7 100644
--- a/src/ex_docmd.c
+++ b/src/ex_docmd.c
@@ -2744,6 +2744,28 @@ parse_command_modifiers(
 	}
 
 	p = skip_range(eap->cmd, TRUE, NULL);
+
+	// In Vim9 script a variable can shadow a command modifier:
+	//   verbose = 123
+	//   verbose += 123
+	//   silent! verbose = func()
+	//   verbose.member = 2
+	//   verbose[expr] = 2
+	// But not:
+	//   verbose [a, b] = list
+	if (in_vim9script())
+	{
+	    char_u *s, *n;
+
+	    for (s = p; ASCII_ISALPHA(*s); ++s)
+		;
+	    n = skipwhite(s);
+	    if (vim_strchr((char_u *)".=", *n) != NULL
+		    || *s == '['
+		    || (*n != NUL && n[1] == '='))
+		break;
+	}
+
 	switch (*p)
 	{
 	    // When adding an entry, also modify cmd_exists().
diff --git a/src/if_ruby.c b/src/if_ruby.c
index 9e58902141..a8c8379b62 100644
--- a/src/if_ruby.c
+++ b/src/if_ruby.c
@@ -612,11 +612,13 @@ rb_check_type_stub(VALUE obj, int t)
 {
     dll_rb_check_type(obj, t);
 }
+#   if VIM_SIZEOF_INT < VIM_SIZEOF_LONG // 64 bits only
     unsigned long
 rb_num2uint_stub(VALUE x)
 {
     return dll_rb_num2uint(x);
 }
+#   endif
     void
 ruby_malloc_size_overflow_stub(size_t x, size_t y)
 {
diff --git a/src/list.c b/src/list.c
index 56ee5a5778..2b44ebacb8 100644
--- a/src/list.c
+++ b/src/list.c
@@ -924,7 +924,7 @@ list_slice_or_index(
 	if (!range)
 	{
 	    if (verbose)
-		semsg(_(e_listidx), n1);
+		semsg(_(e_listidx), n1_arg);
 	    return FAIL;
 	}
 	n1 = n1 < 0 ? 0 : len;
@@ -2188,10 +2188,13 @@ filter_map(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv, filtermap_T filtermap)
 		int		stride = l->lv_u.nonmat.lv_stride;
 
 		// List from range(): loop over the numbers
-		l->lv_first = NULL;
-		l->lv_u.mat.lv_last = NULL;
-		l->lv_len = 0;
-		l->lv_u.mat.lv_idx_item = NULL;
+		if (filtermap != FILTERMAP_MAPNEW)
+		{
+		    l->lv_first = NULL;
+		    l->lv_u.mat.lv_last = NULL;
+		    l->lv_len = 0;
+		    l->lv_u.mat.lv_idx_item = NULL;
+		}
 
 		for (idx = 0; idx < len; ++idx)
 		{
diff --git a/src/mbyte.c b/src/mbyte.c
index c967de6248..3fa608b0ea 100644
--- a/src/mbyte.c
+++ b/src/mbyte.c
@@ -4308,7 +4308,7 @@ mb_charlen(char_u *str)
     return count;
 }
 
-#if defined(FEAT_SPELL) || defined(PROTO)
+#if (defined(FEAT_SPELL) || defined(FEAT_EVAL)) || defined(PROTO)
 /*
  * Like mb_charlen() but for a string with specified length.
  */
diff --git a/src/proto/eval.pro b/src/proto/eval.pro
index ec453645a1..66aa430334 100644
--- a/src/proto/eval.pro
+++ b/src/proto/eval.pro
@@ -55,8 +55,10 @@ char_u *echo_string_core(typval_T *tv, char_u **tofree, char_u *numbuf, int copy
 char_u *echo_string(typval_T *tv, char_u **tofree, char_u *numbuf, int copyID);
 char_u *string_quote(char_u *str, int function);
 int string2float(char_u *text, float_T *value);
-pos_T *var2fpos(typval_T *varp, int dollar_lnum, int *fnum);
-int list2fpos(typval_T *arg, pos_T *posp, int *fnump, colnr_T *curswantp);
+int buf_byteidx_to_charidx(buf_T *buf, int lnum, int byteidx);
+int buf_charidx_to_byteidx(buf_T *buf, int lnum, int charidx);
+pos_T *var2fpos(typval_T *varp, int dollar_lnum, int *fnum, int charcol);
+int list2fpos(typval_T *arg, pos_T *posp, int *fnump, colnr_T *curswantp, int char_col);
 int get_env_len(char_u **arg);
 int get_id_len(char_u **arg);
 int get_name_len(char_u **arg, char_u **alias, int evaluate, int verbose);
@@ -64,8 +66,6 @@ char_u *find_name_end(char_u *arg, char_u **expr_start, char_u **expr_end, int f
 int eval_isnamec(int c);
 int eval_isnamec1(int c);
 int eval_isdictc(int c);
-char_u *char_from_string(char_u *str, varnumber_T index);
-char_u *string_slice(char_u *str, varnumber_T first, varnumber_T last);
 int handle_subscript(char_u **arg, typval_T *rettv, evalarg_T *evalarg, int verbose);
 int item_copy(typval_T *from, typval_T *to, int deep, int copyID);
 void echo_one(typval_T *rettv, int with_space, int *atstart, int *needclr);
diff --git a/src/proto/evalfunc.pro b/src/proto/evalfunc.pro
index 562a7c83d9..ad4b98a29d 100644
--- a/src/proto/evalfunc.pro
+++ b/src/proto/evalfunc.pro
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ int has_internal_func(char_u *name);
 char *internal_func_name(int idx);
 int internal_func_check_arg_types(type_T **types, int idx, int argcount);
 type_T *internal_func_ret_type(int idx, int argcount, type_T **argtypes);
+int internal_func_is_map(int idx);
 int check_internal_func(int idx, int argcount);
 int call_internal_func(char_u *name, int argcount, typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv);
 void call_internal_func_by_idx(int idx, typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv);
diff --git a/src/proto/typval.pro b/src/proto/typval.pro
index 46f893147a..7a65376c6e 100644
--- a/src/proto/typval.pro
+++ b/src/proto/typval.pro
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ char_u *tv_get_string_buf_chk(typval_T *varp, char_u *buf);
 char_u *tv_stringify(typval_T *varp, char_u *buf);
 int tv_check_lock(typval_T *tv, char_u *name, int use_gettext);
 void copy_tv(typval_T *from, typval_T *to);
-int typval_compare(typval_T *typ1, typval_T *typ2, exptype_T type, int ic);
+int typval_compare(typval_T *typ1, typval_T *typ2, exprtype_T type, int ic);
 char_u *typval_tostring(typval_T *arg);
 int tv_islocked(typval_T *tv);
 int tv_equal(typval_T *tv1, typval_T *tv2, int ic, int recursive);
diff --git a/src/proto/userfunc.pro b/src/proto/userfunc.pro
index f3bd2ae731..08dedae0a6 100644
--- a/src/proto/userfunc.pro
+++ b/src/proto/userfunc.pro
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ hashtab_T *func_tbl_get(void);
 char_u *get_lambda_name(void);
 char_u *register_cfunc(cfunc_T cb, cfunc_free_T cb_free, void *state);
 int get_lambda_tv(char_u **arg, typval_T *rettv, int types_optional, evalarg_T *evalarg);
-char_u *deref_func_name(char_u *name, int *lenp, partial_T **partialp, int no_autoload);
+char_u *deref_func_name(char_u *name, int *lenp, partial_T **partialp, type_T **type, int no_autoload);
 void emsg_funcname(char *ermsg, char_u *name);
 int get_func_tv(char_u *name, int len, typval_T *rettv, char_u **arg, evalarg_T *evalarg, funcexe_T *funcexe);
 char_u *fname_trans_sid(char_u *name, char_u *fname_buf, char_u **tofree, int *error);
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ int call_callback(callback_T *callback, int len, typval_T *rettv, int argcount,
 void user_func_error(int error, char_u *name);
 int call_func(char_u *funcname, int len, typval_T *rettv, int argcount_in, typval_T *argvars_in, funcexe_T *funcexe);
 char_u *printable_func_name(ufunc_T *fp);
-char_u *trans_function_name(char_u **pp, int *is_global, int skip, int flags, funcdict_T *fdp, partial_T **partial);
+char_u *trans_function_name(char_u **pp, int *is_global, int skip, int flags, funcdict_T *fdp, partial_T **partial, type_T **type);
 char_u *untrans_function_name(char_u *name);
 void list_functions(regmatch_T *regmatch);
 ufunc_T *define_function(exarg_T *eap, char_u *name_arg);
diff --git a/src/proto/vim9compile.pro b/src/proto/vim9compile.pro
index 52ccb0608c..7800d3ba59 100644
--- a/src/proto/vim9compile.pro
+++ b/src/proto/vim9compile.pro
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* vim9compile.c */
 int check_defined(char_u *p, size_t len, cctx_T *cctx);
-int check_compare_types(exptype_T type, typval_T *tv1, typval_T *tv2);
+int check_compare_types(exprtype_T type, typval_T *tv1, typval_T *tv2);
 int use_typecheck(type_T *actual, type_T *expected);
 int get_script_item_idx(int sid, char_u *name, int check_writable, cctx_T *cctx);
 imported_T *find_imported(char_u *name, size_t len, cctx_T *cctx);
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ char_u *peek_next_line_from_context(cctx_T *cctx);
 char_u *next_line_from_context(cctx_T *cctx, int skip_comment);
 char_u *to_name_end(char_u *arg, int use_namespace);
 char_u *to_name_const_end(char_u *arg);
-exptype_T get_compare_type(char_u *p, int *len, int *type_is);
+exprtype_T get_compare_type(char_u *p, int *len, int *type_is);
 void error_white_both(char_u *op, int len);
 int assignment_len(char_u *p, int *heredoc);
 void vim9_declare_error(char_u *name);
diff --git a/src/proto/vim9execute.pro b/src/proto/vim9execute.pro
index 8e948c5508..2337a6c450 100644
--- a/src/proto/vim9execute.pro
+++ b/src/proto/vim9execute.pro
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 /* vim9execute.c */
 void to_string_error(vartype_T vartype);
 void funcstack_check_refcount(funcstack_T *funcstack);
+char_u *char_from_string(char_u *str, varnumber_T index);
+char_u *string_slice(char_u *str, varnumber_T first, varnumber_T last);
 int fill_partial_and_closure(partial_T *pt, ufunc_T *ufunc, ectx_T *ectx);
 int call_def_function(ufunc_T *ufunc, int argc_arg, typval_T *argv, partial_T *partial, typval_T *rettv);
 void ex_disassemble(exarg_T *eap);
diff --git a/src/proto/vim9type.pro b/src/proto/vim9type.pro
index ae947e699f..bc306687f8 100644
--- a/src/proto/vim9type.pro
+++ b/src/proto/vim9type.pro
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ void type_mismatch(type_T *expected, type_T *actual);
 void arg_type_mismatch(type_T *expected, type_T *actual, int argidx);
 int check_type(type_T *expected, type_T *actual, int give_msg, int argidx);
 int check_arg_type(type_T *expected, type_T *actual, int argidx);
+int check_argument_types(type_T *type, typval_T *argvars, int argcount, char_u *name);
 char_u *skip_type(char_u *start, int optional);
 type_T *parse_type(char_u **arg, garray_T *type_gap, int give_error);
 int equal_type(type_T *type1, type_T *type2);
diff --git a/src/structs.h b/src/structs.h
index ddedeef551..5ad27e262f 100644
--- a/src/structs.h
+++ b/src/structs.h
@@ -1944,6 +1944,7 @@ typedef struct {
     partial_T	*partial;	// for extra arguments
     dict_T	*selfdict;	// Dictionary for "self"
     typval_T	*basetv;	// base for base->method()
+    type_T	*check_type;	// type from funcref or NULL
 } funcexe_T;
 
 /*
@@ -1964,6 +1965,14 @@ typedef struct funcstack_S
     int		fs_copyID;	// for garray_T collection
 } funcstack_T;
 
+typedef struct outer_S outer_T;
+struct outer_S {
+    garray_T	*out_stack;	    // stack from outer scope
+    int		out_frame_idx;	    // index of stack frame in out_stack
+    outer_T	*out_up;	    // outer scope of outer scope or NULL
+    int		out_up_is_copy;	    // don't free out_up
+};
+
 struct partial_S
 {
     int		pt_refcount;	// reference count
@@ -1974,11 +1983,11 @@ struct partial_S
     int		pt_auto;	// when TRUE the partial was created for using
 				// dict.member in handle_subscript()
 
-    // For a compiled closure: the arguments and local variables.
-    garray_T	*pt_ectx_stack;	    // where to find local vars
-    int		pt_ectx_frame;	    // index of function frame in uf_ectx_stack
-    funcstack_T	*pt_funcstack;	    // copy of stack, used after context
-				    // function returns
+    // For a compiled closure: the arguments and local variables scope
+    outer_T	pt_outer;
+
+    funcstack_T	*pt_funcstack;	// copy of stack, used after context
+				// function returns
 
     int		pt_argc;	// number of arguments
     typval_T	*pt_argv;	// arguments in allocated array
@@ -4047,7 +4056,7 @@ typedef enum
     EXPR_MULT,		// *
     EXPR_DIV,		// /
     EXPR_REM,		// %
-} exptype_T;
+} exprtype_T;
 
 /*
  * Structure used for reading in json_decode().
diff --git a/src/tag.c b/src/tag.c
index 3dfb8fee5d..e3cd87677c 100644
--- a/src/tag.c
+++ b/src/tag.c
@@ -4201,7 +4201,7 @@ tagstack_push_items(win_T *wp, list_T *l)
 	// parse 'from' for the cursor position before the tag jump
 	if ((di = dict_find(itemdict, (char_u *)"from", -1)) == NULL)
 	    continue;
-	if (list2fpos(&di->di_tv, &mark, &fnum, NULL) != OK)
+	if (list2fpos(&di->di_tv, &mark, &fnum, NULL, FALSE) != OK)
 	    continue;
 	if ((tagname =
 		dict_get_string(itemdict, (char_u *)"tagname", TRUE)) == NULL)
diff --git a/src/testdir/test_cursor_func.vim b/src/testdir/test_cursor_func.vim
index cbaad24187..19b3416b79 100644
--- a/src/testdir/test_cursor_func.vim
+++ b/src/testdir/test_cursor_func.vim
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-" Tests for cursor().
+" Tests for cursor() and other functions that get/set the cursor position
 
 func Test_wrong_arguments()
   call assert_fails('call cursor(1. 3)', 'E474:')
@@ -123,4 +123,187 @@ func Test_screenpos_number()
   bwipe!
 endfunc
 
+func SaveVisualStartCharPos()
+  call add(g:VisualStartPos, getcharpos('v'))
+  return ''
+endfunc
+
+" Test for the getcharpos() function
+func Test_getcharpos()
+  call assert_fails('call getcharpos({})', 'E731:')
+  call assert_equal([0, 0, 0, 0], getcharpos(0))
+  new
+  call setline(1, ['', "01\tà4è678", 'Ⅵ', '012345678'])
+
+  " Test for '.' and '$'
+  normal 1G
+  call assert_equal([0, 1, 1, 0], getcharpos('.'))
+  call assert_equal([0, 4, 1, 0], getcharpos('$'))
+  normal 2G6l
+  call assert_equal([0, 2, 7, 0], getcharpos('.'))
+  normal 3G$
+  call assert_equal([0, 3, 1, 0], getcharpos('.'))
+  normal 4G$
+  call assert_equal([0, 4, 9, 0], getcharpos('.'))
+
+  " Test for a mark
+  normal 2G7lmmgg
+  call assert_equal([0, 2, 8, 0], getcharpos("'m"))
+  delmarks m
+  call assert_equal([0, 0, 0, 0], getcharpos("'m"))
+
+  " Test for the visual start column
+  vnoremap <expr> <F3> SaveVisualStartCharPos()
+  let g:VisualStartPos = []
+  exe "normal 2G6lv$\<F3>ohh\<F3>o\<F3>"
+  call assert_equal([[0, 2, 7, 0], [0, 2, 9, 0], [0, 2, 5, 0]], g:VisualStartPos)
+  call assert_equal([0, 2, 9, 0], getcharpos('v'))
+  let g:VisualStartPos = []
+  exe "normal 3Gv$\<F3>o\<F3>"
+  call assert_equal([[0, 3, 1, 0], [0, 3, 1, 0]], g:VisualStartPos)
+  let g:VisualStartPos = []
+  exe "normal 1Gv$\<F3>o\<F3>"
+  call assert_equal([[0, 1, 1, 0], [0, 1, 1, 0]], g:VisualStartPos)
+  vunmap <F3>
+
+  %bw!
+endfunc
+
+" Test for the setcharpos() function
+func Test_setcharpos()
+  call assert_equal(-1, setcharpos('.', test_null_list()))
+  new
+  call setline(1, ['', "01\tà4è678", 'Ⅵ', '012345678'])
+  call setcharpos('.', [0, 1, 1, 0])
+  call assert_equal([1, 1], [line('.'), col('.')])
+  call setcharpos('.', [0, 2, 7, 0])
+  call assert_equal([2, 9], [line('.'), col('.')])
+  call setcharpos('.', [0, 3, 4, 0])
+  call assert_equal([3, 1], [line('.'), col('.')])
+  call setcharpos('.', [0, 3, 1, 0])
+  call assert_equal([3, 1], [line('.'), col('.')])
+  call setcharpos('.', [0, 4, 0, 0])
+  call assert_equal([4, 1], [line('.'), col('.')])
+  call setcharpos('.', [0, 4, 20, 0])
+  call assert_equal([4, 9], [line('.'), col('.')])
+
+  " Test for mark
+  delmarks m
+  call setcharpos("'m", [0, 2, 9, 0])
+  normal `m
+  call assert_equal([2, 11], [line('.'), col('.')])
+
+  %bw!
+  call assert_equal(-1, setcharpos('.', [10, 3, 1, 0]))
+endfunc
+
+func SaveVisualStartCharCol()
+  call add(g:VisualStartCol, charcol('v'))
+  return ''
+endfunc
+
+" Test for the charcol() function
+func Test_charcol()
+  call assert_fails('call charcol({})', 'E731:')
+  call assert_equal(0, charcol(0))
+  new
+  call setline(1, ['', "01\tà4è678", 'Ⅵ', '012345678'])
+
+  " Test for '.' and '$'
+  normal 1G
+  call assert_equal(1, charcol('.'))
+  call assert_equal(1, charcol('$'))
+  normal 2G6l
+  call assert_equal(7, charcol('.'))
+  call assert_equal(10, charcol('$'))
+  normal 3G$
+  call assert_equal(1, charcol('.'))
+  call assert_equal(2, charcol('$'))
+  normal 4G$
+  call assert_equal(9, charcol('.'))
+  call assert_equal(10, charcol('$'))
+
+  " Test for [lnum, '$']
+  call assert_equal(1, charcol([1, '$']))
+  call assert_equal(10, charcol([2, '$']))
+  call assert_equal(2, charcol([3, '$']))
+  call assert_equal(0, charcol([5, '$']))
+
+  " Test for a mark
+  normal 2G7lmmgg
+  call assert_equal(8, charcol("'m"))
+  delmarks m
+  call assert_equal(0, charcol("'m"))
+
+  " Test for the visual start column
+  vnoremap <expr> <F3> SaveVisualStartCharCol()
+  let g:VisualStartCol = []
+  exe "normal 2G6lv$\<F3>ohh\<F3>o\<F3>"
+  call assert_equal([7, 9, 5], g:VisualStartCol)
+  call assert_equal(9, charcol('v'))
+  let g:VisualStartCol = []
+  exe "normal 3Gv$\<F3>o\<F3>"
+  call assert_equal([1, 1], g:VisualStartCol)
+  let g:VisualStartCol = []
+  exe "normal 1Gv$\<F3>o\<F3>"
+  call assert_equal([1, 1], g:VisualStartCol)
+  vunmap <F3>
+
+  %bw!
+endfunc
+
+" Test for getcursorcharpos()
+func Test_getcursorcharpos()
+  call assert_equal(getcursorcharpos(), getcursorcharpos(0))
+  call assert_equal([0, 0, 0, 0, 0], getcursorcharpos(-1))
+  call assert_equal([0, 0, 0, 0, 0], getcursorcharpos(1999))
+
+  new
+  call setline(1, ['', "01\tà4è678", 'Ⅵ', '012345678'])
+  normal 1G9l
+  call assert_equal([0, 1, 1, 0, 1], getcursorcharpos())
+  normal 2G9l
+  call assert_equal([0, 2, 9, 0, 14], getcursorcharpos())
+  normal 3G9l
+  call assert_equal([0, 3, 1, 0, 1], getcursorcharpos())
+  normal 4G9l
+  call assert_equal([0, 4, 9, 0, 9], getcursorcharpos())
+
+  let winid = win_getid()
+  normal 2G5l
+  wincmd w
+  call assert_equal([0, 2, 6, 0, 11], getcursorcharpos(winid))
+  %bw!
+endfunc
+
+" Test for setcursorcharpos()
+func Test_setcursorcharpos()
+  call assert_fails('call setcursorcharpos(test_null_list())', 'E474:')
+  call assert_fails('call setcursorcharpos([1])', 'E474:')
+  call assert_fails('call setcursorcharpos([1, 1, 1, 1, 1])', 'E474:')
+  new
+  call setline(1, ['', "01\tà4è678", 'Ⅵ', '012345678'])
+  normal G
+  call setcursorcharpos([1, 1])
+  call assert_equal([1, 1], [line('.'), col('.')])
+  call setcursorcharpos([2, 7, 0])
+  call assert_equal([2, 9], [line('.'), col('.')])
+  call setcursorcharpos(3, 4)
+  call assert_equal([3, 1], [line('.'), col('.')])
+  call setcursorcharpos([3, 1])
+  call assert_equal([3, 1], [line('.'), col('.')])
+  call setcursorcharpos([4, 0, 0, 0])
+  call assert_equal([4, 1], [line('.'), col('.')])
+  call setcursorcharpos([4, 20])
+  call assert_equal([4, 9], [line('.'), col('.')])
+  normal 1G
+  call setcursorcharpos([100, 100, 100, 100])
+  call assert_equal([4, 9], [line('.'), col('.')])
+  normal 1G
+  call setcursorcharpos('$', 1)
+  call assert_equal([4, 1], [line('.'), col('.')])
+
+  %bw!
+endfunc
+
 " vim: shiftwidth=2 sts=2 expandtab
diff --git a/src/testdir/test_eval_stuff.vim b/src/testdir/test_eval_stuff.vim
index 316fb42f22..e5f521c85c 100644
--- a/src/testdir/test_eval_stuff.vim
+++ b/src/testdir/test_eval_stuff.vim
@@ -218,6 +218,7 @@ func Test_vvar_scriptversion4()
   call assert_equal(15, 0o17)
   call assert_equal(15, 0O17)
   call assert_equal(18, 018)
+  call assert_equal(511, 0o777)
   call assert_equal(64, 0b1'00'00'00)
   call assert_equal(1048576, 0x10'00'00)
   call assert_equal(32768, 0o10'00'00)
@@ -233,6 +234,7 @@ func Test_vvar_scriptversion1()
   call assert_equal(15, 0o17)
   call assert_equal(15, 0O17)
   call assert_equal(18, 018)
+  call assert_equal(511, 0o777)
 endfunc
 
 func Test_scriptversion_fail()
diff --git a/src/testdir/test_vim9_assign.vim b/src/testdir/test_vim9_assign.vim
index 2a21ca065f..21480633c7 100644
--- a/src/testdir/test_vim9_assign.vim
+++ b/src/testdir/test_vim9_assign.vim
@@ -1091,6 +1091,13 @@ def Test_assign_lambda()
       assert_equal(123, FuncRef_Any())
   END
   CheckScriptSuccess(lines)
+
+  lines =<< trim END
+      var Ref: func(number)
+      Ref = (j) => !j
+  END
+  CheckDefFailure(lines, 'E1012: Type mismatch; expected func(number) but got func(any): bool')
+  CheckScriptFailure(['vim9script'] + lines, 'E1012: Type mismatch; expected func(number) but got func(any): any')
 enddef
 
 def Test_heredoc()
@@ -1457,5 +1464,32 @@ def Test_unlet()
   assert_equal('', $ENVVAR)
 enddef
 
+def Test_assign_command_modifier()
+  var lines =<< trim END
+      var verbose = 0
+      verbose = 1
+      assert_equal(1, verbose)
+      silent verbose = 2
+      assert_equal(2, verbose)
+      silent verbose += 2
+      assert_equal(4, verbose)
+      silent verbose -= 1
+      assert_equal(3, verbose)
+
+      var topleft = {one: 1}
+      sandbox topleft.one = 3
+      assert_equal({one: 3}, topleft)
+      leftabove topleft[' '] = 4
+      assert_equal({one: 3, ' ': 4}, topleft)
+
+      var x: number
+      var y: number
+      silent [x, y] = [1, 2]
+      assert_equal(1, x)
+      assert_equal(2, y)
+  END
+  CheckDefAndScriptSuccess(lines)
+enddef
+
 
 " vim: ts=8 sw=2 sts=2 expandtab tw=80 fdm=marker
diff --git a/src/testdir/test_vim9_builtin.vim b/src/testdir/test_vim9_builtin.vim
index 4eb2d76dfd..673f0c0562 100644
--- a/src/testdir/test_vim9_builtin.vim
+++ b/src/testdir/test_vim9_builtin.vim
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ def Test_extend_arg_types()
   assert_equal({a: 1, b: 2}, extend({a: 1, b: 2}, {b: 4}, s:string_keep))
 
   var res: list<dict<any>>
-  extend(res, map([1, 2], (_, v) => ({})))
+  extend(res, mapnew([1, 2], (_, v) => ({})))
   assert_equal([{}, {}], res)
 
   CheckDefFailure(['extend([1, 2], 3)'], 'E1013: Argument 2: type mismatch, expected list<number> but got number')
@@ -320,6 +320,15 @@ def Test_map_function_arg()
   CheckDefAndScriptSuccess(lines)
 enddef
 
+def Test_map_item_type()
+  var lines =<< trim END
+      var l = ['a', 'b', 'c']
+      map(l, (k, v) => k .. '/' .. v )
+      assert_equal(['0/a', '1/b', '2/c'], l)
+  END
+  CheckDefAndScriptSuccess(lines)
+enddef
+
 def Test_filereadable()
   assert_false(filereadable(""))
   assert_false(filereadable(test_null_string()))
@@ -728,7 +737,7 @@ enddef
 
 def Test_submatch()
   var pat = 'A\(.\)\(.\)\(.\)\(.\)\(.\)\(.\)\(.\)\(.\)\(.\)'
-  var Rep = () => range(10)->map((_, v) => submatch(v, true))->string()
+  var Rep = () => range(10)->mapnew((_, v) => submatch(v, true))->string()
   var actual = substitute('A123456789', pat, Rep, '')
   var expected = "[['A123456789'], ['1'], ['2'], ['3'], ['4'], ['5'], ['6'], ['7'], ['8'], ['9']]"
   actual->assert_equal(expected)
@@ -786,6 +795,16 @@ def Test_winrestcmd()
   close
 enddef
 
+def Test_winsaveview()
+  var view: dict<number> = winsaveview()
+
+  var lines =<< trim END
+      var view: list<number> = winsaveview()
+  END
+  CheckDefAndScriptFailure(lines, 'E1012: Type mismatch; expected list<number> but got dict<number>', 1)
+enddef
+
+
 
 
 " vim: ts=8 sw=2 sts=2 expandtab tw=80 fdm=marker
diff --git a/src/testdir/test_vim9_cmd.vim b/src/testdir/test_vim9_cmd.vim
index 5b84feceea..f5cb1c8739 100644
--- a/src/testdir/test_vim9_cmd.vim
+++ b/src/testdir/test_vim9_cmd.vim
@@ -661,6 +661,12 @@ def Test_range_after_command_modifier()
   bwipe!
 enddef
 
+def Test_silent_pattern()
+  new
+  silent! :/pat/put _
+  bwipe!
+enddef
+
 def Test_eval_command()
   var from = 3
   var to = 5
diff --git a/src/testdir/test_vim9_disassemble.vim b/src/testdir/test_vim9_disassemble.vim
index b0f84a6e1e..ca9b90e886 100644
--- a/src/testdir/test_vim9_disassemble.vim
+++ b/src/testdir/test_vim9_disassemble.vim
@@ -117,8 +117,7 @@ def Test_disassemble_exec_expr()
         '\d 2STRING stack\[-1\]\_s*' ..
         '\d\+ PUSHS ".txt"\_s*' ..
         '\d\+ EXECCONCAT 4\_s*' ..
-        '\d\+ PUSHNR 0\_s*' ..
-        '\d\+ RETURN',
+        '\d\+ RETURN 0',
         res)
 enddef
 
@@ -134,8 +133,7 @@ def Test_disassemble_yank_range()
         '\d EXEC   norm! m\[jjm\]\_s*' ..
         '  :''\[,''\]yank\_s*' ..
         '\d EXEC   :''\[,''\]yank\_s*' ..
-        '\d PUSHNR 0\_s*' ..
-        '\d RETURN',
+        '\d RETURN 0',
         res)
 enddef
 
@@ -149,8 +147,7 @@ def Test_disassemble_put_expr()
         ' :3put ="text"\_s*' ..
         '\d PUSHS "text"\_s*' ..
         '\d PUT = 3\_s*' ..
-        '\d PUSHNR 0\_s*' ..
-        '\d RETURN',
+        '\d RETURN 0',
         res)
 enddef
 
@@ -164,8 +161,7 @@ def Test_disassemble_put_range()
         ' :$-2put a\_s*' ..
         '\d RANGE $-2\_s*' ..
         '\d PUT a range\_s*' ..
-        '\d PUSHNR 0\_s*' ..
-        '\d RETURN',
+        '\d RETURN 0',
         res)
 enddef
 
@@ -273,8 +269,7 @@ def Test_disassemble_store_member()
         '\d\+ PUSHS "a"\_s*' ..
         '\d\+ LOAD $1\_s*' ..
         '\d\+ STOREDICT\_s*' ..
-        '\d\+ PUSHNR 0\_s*' ..
-        '\d\+ RETURN',
+        '\d\+ RETURN 0',
         res)
 enddef
 
@@ -297,8 +292,7 @@ def Test_disassemble_store_index()
         '\d LOAD $0\_s*' ..
         '\d MEMBER dd\_s*' ..
         '\d STOREINDEX\_s*' ..
-        '\d\+ PUSHNR 0\_s*' ..
-        '\d\+ RETURN',
+        '\d\+ RETURN 0',
         res)
 enddef
 
@@ -333,8 +327,7 @@ def Test_disassemble_list_assign()
         '\d\+ STORE $1\_s*' ..
         '\d\+ SLICE 2\_s*' ..
         '\d\+ STORE $2\_s*' ..
-        '\d\+ PUSHNR 0\_s*' ..
-        '\d\+ RETURN',
+        '\d\+ RETURN 0',
         res)
 enddef
 
@@ -362,8 +355,7 @@ def Test_disassemble_list_add()
         '\d\+ CHECKTYPE number stack\[-1\]\_s*' ..
         '\d\+ LISTAPPEND\_s*' ..
         '\d\+ DROP\_s*' ..
-        '\d\+ PUSHNR 0\_s*' ..
-        '\d\+ RETURN',
+        '\d\+ RETURN 0',
         res)
 enddef
 
@@ -390,8 +382,7 @@ def Test_disassemble_blob_add()
         '\d\+ CHECKTYPE number stack\[-1\]\_s*' ..
         '\d\+ BLOBAPPEND\_s*' ..
         '\d\+ DROP\_s*' ..
-        '\d\+ PUSHNR 0\_s*' ..
-        '\d\+ RETURN',
+        '\d\+ RETURN 0',
         res)
 enddef
 
@@ -576,18 +567,17 @@ def Test_disassemble_closure()
   var res = execute('disass g:Append')
   assert_match('<lambda>\d\_s*' ..
         'local ..= arg\_s*' ..
-        '\d LOADOUTER $0\_s*' ..
+        '\d LOADOUTER level 1 $0\_s*' ..
         '\d LOAD arg\[-1\]\_s*' ..
         '\d CONCAT\_s*' ..
-        '\d STOREOUTER $0\_s*' ..
-        '\d PUSHNR 0\_s*' ..
-        '\d RETURN',
+        '\d STOREOUTER level 1 $0\_s*' ..
+        '\d RETURN 0',
         res)
 
   res = execute('disass g:Get')
   assert_match('<lambda>\d\_s*' ..
         'return local\_s*' ..
-        '\d LOADOUTER $0\_s*' ..
+        '\d LOADOUTER level 1 $0\_s*' ..
         '\d RETURN',
         res)
 
@@ -615,8 +605,7 @@ def Test_disassemble_pcall()
         '\d PCALL top (argc 1)\_s*' ..
         '\d PCALL end\_s*' ..
         '\d DROP\_s*' ..
-        '\d PUSHNR 0\_s*' ..
-        '\d RETURN',
+        '\d RETURN 0',
         res)
 enddef
 
@@ -865,8 +854,7 @@ def Test_disassemble_function()
         '\d PUSHS "UserFunc"\_s*' ..
         '\d BCALL funcref(argc 1)\_s*' ..
         '\d STORE $2\_s*' ..
-        '\d PUSHNR 0\_s*' ..
-        '\d RETURN',
+        '\d RETURN 0',
         instr)
 enddef
 
@@ -893,8 +881,7 @@ def Test_disassemble_channel()
         'var chan1: channel\_s*' ..
         '\d PUSHCHANNEL 0\_s*' ..
         '\d STORE $2\_s*' ..
-        '\d PUSHNR 0\_s*' ..
-        '\d RETURN',
+        '\d RETURN 0',
         instr)
 enddef
 
@@ -966,8 +953,7 @@ def Test_nested_func()
         'echomsg "inner"\_s*' ..
         'enddef\_s*' ..
         '\d NEWFUNC <lambda>\d\+ Inner\_s*' ..
-        '\d PUSHNR 0\_s*' ..
-        '\d RETURN',
+        '\d RETURN 0',
         instr)
 enddef
 
@@ -989,8 +975,7 @@ def Test_nested_def_list()
         '\d DEF /Info\_s*' ..
         'def /Info/\_s*' ..
         '\d DEF /Info/\_s*' ..
-        '\d PUSHNR 0\_s*' ..
-        '\d RETURN',
+        '\d RETURN 0',
         instr)
 enddef
 
@@ -1122,8 +1107,7 @@ def Test_disassemble_for_loop_unpack()
         'endfor\_s*' ..
         '\d\+ JUMP -> 8\_s*' ..
         '\d\+ DROP\_s*' ..
-        '\d\+ PUSHNR 0\_s*' ..
-        '\d\+ RETURN',
+        '\d\+ RETURN 0',
         instr)
 enddef
 
@@ -1143,8 +1127,7 @@ def Test_disassemble_typecast()
         '\d NEWLIST size 2\_s*' ..
         '\d SETTYPE list<number>\_s*' ..
         '\d STORE $0\_s*' ..
-        '\d PUSHNR 0\_s*' ..
-        '\d RETURN\_s*',
+        '\d RETURN 0\_s*',
         instr)
 enddef
 
@@ -1631,8 +1614,7 @@ def Test_dsassemble_falsy_op()
       'echo "" ?? "empty string"\_s*' ..
       '\d\+ PUSHS "empty string"\_s*' ..
       '\d\+ ECHO 1\_s*' ..
-      '\d\+ PUSHNR 0\_s*' ..
-      '\d\+ RETURN',
+      '\d\+ RETURN 0',
       res)
 enddef
 
@@ -1659,8 +1641,7 @@ def Test_disassemble_compare_const()
           'if ' .. substitute(case[0], '[[~]', '\\\0', 'g') .. '.*' ..
           '\d PUSHNR 42.*' ..
           '\d ECHO 1.*' ..
-          '\d PUSHNR 0.*' ..
-          '\d RETURN.*',
+          '\d RETURN 0',
           instr)
     else
       # condition false, function just returns
@@ -1668,8 +1649,7 @@ def Test_disassemble_compare_const()
           'if ' .. substitute(case[0], '[[~]', '\\\0', 'g') .. '[ \n]*' ..
           'echo 42[ \n]*' ..
           'endif[ \n]*' ..
-          '\s*\d PUSHNR 0.*' ..
-          '\d RETURN.*',
+          '\d RETURN 0',
           instr)
     endif
 
@@ -1707,8 +1687,7 @@ def Test_disassemble_execute()
         '\d\+ LOAD $1\_s*' ..
         '\d\+ CONCAT\_s*' ..
         '\d\+ EXECUTE 1\_s*' ..
-        '\d\+ PUSHNR 0\_s*' ..
-        '\d\+ RETURN',
+        '\d\+ RETURN 0',
         res)
 enddef
 
@@ -1727,8 +1706,7 @@ def Test_disassemble_echomsg()
         "echoerr 'went' .. 'wrong'\\_s*" ..
         '\d PUSHS "wentwrong"\_s*' ..
         '\d ECHOERR 1\_s*' ..
-        '\d PUSHNR 0\_s*' ..
-        '\d RETURN',
+        '\d RETURN 0',
         res)
 enddef
 
@@ -1837,8 +1815,7 @@ def Test_shuffle()
         '\d SHUFFLE 2 up 1\_s*' ..
         '\d BCALL append(argc 2)\_s*' ..
         '\d DROP\_s*' ..
-        '\d PUSHNR 0\_s*' ..
-        '\d RETURN',
+        '\d RETURN 0',
         res)
 enddef
 
@@ -1861,8 +1838,7 @@ def Test_silent()
         '\d PUSHS "error"\_s*' ..
         '\d ECHOERR 1\_s*' ..
         '\d CMDMOD_REV\_s*' ..
-        '\d PUSHNR 0\_s*' ..
-        '\d RETURN',
+        '\d RETURN 0',
         res)
 enddef
 
diff --git a/src/testdir/test_vim9_expr.vim b/src/testdir/test_vim9_expr.vim
index ae5ca2816c..50537c858a 100644
--- a/src/testdir/test_vim9_expr.vim
+++ b/src/testdir/test_vim9_expr.vim
@@ -597,6 +597,18 @@ def Test_expr4_equal()
   CheckDefFailure(["var x = 'a' == "], 'E1097:', 3)
 
   CheckDefExecFailure(['var items: any', 'eval 1', 'eval 2', 'if items == []', 'endif'], 'E691:', 4)
+
+  CheckDefExecFailure(['var x: any = "a"', 'echo x == true'], 'E1072: Cannot compare string with bool', 2)
+  CheckDefExecFailure(["var x: any = true", 'echo x == ""'], 'E1072: Cannot compare bool with string', 2)
+  CheckDefExecFailure(["var x: any = 99", 'echo x == true'], 'E1138', 2)
+  CheckDefExecFailure(["var x: any = 'a'", 'echo x == 99'], 'E1030:', 2)
+
+  for op in ['>', '>=', '<', '<=', '=~', '!~']
+    CheckDefExecFailure([
+        "var a: any = 'a'",
+        'var b: any = true',
+        'echo a ' .. op .. ' b'], 'E1072:', 3)
+  endfor
 enddef
 
 " test != comperator
@@ -1847,10 +1859,10 @@ def Test_expr7_lambda()
 
       # line continuation inside lambda with "cond ? expr : expr" works
       var ll = range(3)
-      map(ll, (k, v) => v % 2 ? {
+      var dll = mapnew(ll, (k, v) => v % 2 ? {
                 ['111']: 111 } : {}
             )
-      assert_equal([{}, {111: 111}, {}], ll)
+      assert_equal([{}, {111: 111}, {}], dll)
 
       ll = range(3)
       map(ll, (k, v) => v == 8 || v
@@ -1934,10 +1946,10 @@ def Test_expr7_new_lambda()
 
       # line continuation inside lambda with "cond ? expr : expr" works
       var ll = range(3)
-      map(ll, (k, v) => v % 2 ? {
+      var dll = mapnew(ll, (k, v) => v % 2 ? {
                 ['111']: 111 } : {}
             )
-      assert_equal([{}, {111: 111}, {}], ll)
+      assert_equal([{}, {111: 111}, {}], dll)
 
       ll = range(3)
       map(ll, (k, v) => v == 8 || v
@@ -2304,7 +2316,7 @@ def Test_expr7_any_index_slice()
     # string is permissive, index out of range accepted
     g:teststring = 'abcdef'
     assert_equal('b', g:teststring[1])
-    assert_equal('', g:teststring[-1])
+    assert_equal('f', g:teststring[-1])
     assert_equal('', g:teststring[99])
 
     assert_equal('b', g:teststring[1 : 1])
@@ -2368,10 +2380,10 @@ def Test_expr7_any_index_slice()
   CheckDefExecFailure(['echo g:testblob[-3]'], 'E979:', 1)
   CheckScriptFailure(['vim9script', 'echo g:testblob[-3]'], 'E979:', 2)
 
-  CheckDefExecFailure(['echo g:testlist[4]'], 'E684:', 1)
+  CheckDefExecFailure(['echo g:testlist[4]'], 'E684: list index out of range: 4', 1)
   CheckScriptFailure(['vim9script', 'echo g:testlist[4]'], 'E684:', 2)
   CheckDefExecFailure(['echo g:testlist[-5]'], 'E684:', 1)
-  CheckScriptFailure(['vim9script', 'echo g:testlist[-5]'], 'E684:', 2)
+  CheckScriptFailure(['vim9script', 'echo g:testlist[-5]'], 'E684: list index out of range: -5', 2)
 
   CheckDefExecFailure(['echo g:testdict["a" : "b"]'], 'E719:', 1)
   CheckScriptFailure(['vim9script', 'echo g:testdict["a" : "b"]'], 'E719:', 2)
@@ -2802,15 +2814,23 @@ enddef
 def Test_expr7_string_subscript()
   var lines =<< trim END
     var text = 'abcdef'
-    assert_equal('', text[-1])
+    assert_equal('f', text[-1])
     assert_equal('a', text[0])
     assert_equal('e', text[4])
     assert_equal('f', text[5])
     assert_equal('', text[6])
 
+    text = 'ábçdë'
+    assert_equal('ë', text[-1])
+    assert_equal('d', text[-2])
+    assert_equal('ç', text[-3])
+    assert_equal('b', text[-4])
+    assert_equal('á', text[-5])
+    assert_equal('', text[-6])
+
     text = 'ábçdëf'
     assert_equal('', text[-999])
-    assert_equal('', text[-1])
+    assert_equal('f', text[-1])
     assert_equal('á', text[0])
     assert_equal('b', text[1])
     assert_equal('ç', text[2])
@@ -2904,12 +2924,21 @@ def Test_expr7_list_subscript()
     assert_equal([], list[0 : -6])
     assert_equal([], list[0 : -99])
   END
-  CheckDefSuccess(lines)
-  CheckScriptSuccess(['vim9script'] + lines)
+  CheckDefAndScriptSuccess(lines)
 
   lines = ['var l = [0, 1, 2]', 'echo l[g:astring : g:theone]']
   CheckDefExecFailure(lines, 'E1012:')
   CheckScriptFailure(['vim9script'] + lines, 'E1030:', 3)
+
+  lines =<< trim END
+      vim9script
+      var ld = []
+      def Func()
+        eval ld[0].key
+      enddef
+      defcompile
+  END
+  CheckScriptSuccess(lines)
 enddef
 
 def Test_expr7_dict_subscript()
@@ -2918,6 +2947,15 @@ def Test_expr7_dict_subscript()
       var l = [{lnum: 2}, {lnum: 1}]
       var res = l[0].lnum > l[1].lnum
       assert_true(res)
+
+      var dd = {}
+      def Func1()
+        eval dd.key1.key2
+      enddef
+      def Func2()
+        eval dd['key1'].key2
+      enddef
+      defcompile
   END
   CheckScriptSuccess(lines)
 enddef
@@ -2926,25 +2964,25 @@ def Test_expr7_subscript_linebreak()
   var range = range(
   		3)
   var l = range
-	->map('string(v:key)')
+	->mapnew('string(v:key)')
   assert_equal(['0', '1', '2'], l)
 
   l = range
-  	->map('string(v:key)')
+  	->mapnew('string(v:key)')
   assert_equal(['0', '1', '2'], l)
 
   l = range # comment
-  	->map('string(v:key)')
+  	->mapnew('string(v:key)')
   assert_equal(['0', '1', '2'], l)
 
   l = range
 
-  	->map('string(v:key)')
+  	->mapnew('string(v:key)')
   assert_equal(['0', '1', '2'], l)
 
   l = range
 	# comment
-  	->map('string(v:key)')
+  	->mapnew('string(v:key)')
   assert_equal(['0', '1', '2'], l)
 
   assert_equal('1', l[
diff --git a/src/testdir/test_vim9_func.vim b/src/testdir/test_vim9_func.vim
index e1d4853411..e87c33e909 100644
--- a/src/testdir/test_vim9_func.vim
+++ b/src/testdir/test_vim9_func.vim
@@ -116,6 +116,14 @@ def Test_missing_endfunc_enddef()
   CheckScriptFailure(lines, 'E126:', 2)
 enddef
 
+def Test_enddef_dict_key()
+  var d = {
+    enddef: 'x',
+    endfunc: 'y',
+  }
+  assert_equal({enddef: 'x', endfunc: 'y'}, d)
+enddef
+
 def ReturnString(): string
   return 'string'
 enddef
@@ -579,6 +587,22 @@ def Test_call_funcref_wrong_args()
 
   CheckScriptFailure(head + ["funcMap['func']('str', 123)"] + tail, 'E119:')
   CheckScriptFailure(head + ["funcMap['func']('str', 123, [1], 4)"] + tail, 'E118:')
+
+  var lines =<< trim END
+      vim9script
+      var Ref: func(number): any
+      Ref = (j) => !j
+      echo Ref(false)
+  END
+  CheckScriptFailure(lines, 'E1013: Argument 1: type mismatch, expected number but got bool', 4)
+
+  lines =<< trim END
+      vim9script
+      var Ref: func(number): any
+      Ref = (j) => !j
+      call Ref(false)
+  END
+  CheckScriptFailure(lines, 'E1013: Argument 1: type mismatch, expected number but got bool', 4)
 enddef
 
 def Test_call_lambda_args()
@@ -1492,7 +1516,7 @@ def Test_unknown_function()
       'delfunc g:NotExist'], 'E700:')
 enddef
 
-def RefFunc(Ref: func(string): string): string
+def RefFunc(Ref: func(any): any): string
   return Ref('more')
 enddef
 
@@ -1739,7 +1763,7 @@ enddef
 
 def Shadowed(): list<number>
   var FuncList: list<func: number> = [() => 42]
-  return FuncList->map((_, Shadowed) => Shadowed())
+  return FuncList->mapnew((_, Shadowed) => Shadowed())
 enddef
 
 def Test_lambda_arg_shadows_func()
@@ -1768,7 +1792,7 @@ enddef
 
 def Line_continuation_in_lambda(): list<string>
   var x = range(97, 100)
-      ->map((_, v) => nr2char(v)
+      ->mapnew((_, v) => nr2char(v)
           ->toupper())
       ->reverse()
   return x
@@ -1778,6 +1802,33 @@ def Test_line_continuation_in_lambda()
   Line_continuation_in_lambda()->assert_equal(['D', 'C', 'B', 'A'])
 enddef
 
+def Test_list_lambda()
+  timer_start(1000, (_) => 0)
+  var body = execute(timer_info()[0].callback
+         ->string()
+         ->substitute("('", ' ', '')
+         ->substitute("')", '', '')
+         ->substitute('function\zs', ' ', ''))
+  assert_match('def <lambda>\d\+(_: any, ...): number\n1  return 0\n   enddef', body)
+enddef
+
+def DoFilterThis(a: string): list<string>
+  # closure nested inside another closure using argument
+  var Filter = (l) => filter(l, (_, v) => stridx(v, a) == 0)
+  return ['x', 'y', 'a', 'x2', 'c']->Filter()
+enddef
+
+def Test_nested_closure_using_argument()
+  assert_equal(['x', 'x2'], DoFilterThis('x'))
+enddef
+
+def Test_triple_nested_closure()
+  var what = 'x'
+  var Match = (val: string, cmp: string): bool => stridx(val, cmp) == 0
+  var Filter = (l) => filter(l, (_, v) => Match(v, what))
+  assert_equal(['x', 'x2'], ['x', 'y', 'a', 'x2', 'c']->Filter())
+enddef
+
 func Test_silent_echo()
   CheckScreendump
 
@@ -1857,7 +1908,7 @@ def Test_recursive_call()
 enddef
 
 def TreeWalk(dir: string): list<any>
-  return readdir(dir)->map((_, val) =>
+  return readdir(dir)->mapnew((_, val) =>
             fnamemodify(dir .. '/' .. val, ':p')->isdirectory()
                ? {[val]: TreeWalk(dir .. '/' .. val)}
                : val
diff --git a/src/typval.c b/src/typval.c
index d16f0e6df8..7e4e63d17d 100644
--- a/src/typval.c
+++ b/src/typval.c
@@ -649,7 +649,7 @@ copy_tv(typval_T *from, typval_T *to)
 typval_compare(
     typval_T	*typ1,   // first operand
     typval_T	*typ2,   // second operand
-    exptype_T	type,    // operator
+    exprtype_T	type,    // operator
     int		ic)      // ignore case
 {
     int		i;
@@ -834,6 +834,30 @@ typval_compare(
 	    default:  break;  // avoid gcc warning
 	}
     }
+    else if (in_vim9script() && (typ1->v_type == VAR_BOOL
+						 || typ2->v_type == VAR_BOOL))
+    {
+	if (typ1->v_type != typ2->v_type)
+	{
+	    semsg(_(e_cannot_compare_str_with_str),
+		       vartype_name(typ1->v_type), vartype_name(typ2->v_type));
+	    clear_tv(typ1);
+	    return FAIL;
+	}
+	n1 = typ1->vval.v_number;
+	n2 = typ2->vval.v_number;
+	switch (type)
+	{
+	    case EXPR_IS:
+	    case EXPR_EQUAL:    n1 = (n1 == n2); break;
+	    case EXPR_ISNOT:
+	    case EXPR_NEQUAL:   n1 = (n1 != n2); break;
+	    default:
+		emsg(_(e_invalid_operation_for_bool));
+		clear_tv(typ1);
+		return FAIL;
+	}
+    }
     else
     {
 	s1 = tv_get_string_buf(typ1, buf1);
@@ -1555,7 +1579,7 @@ tv_get_lnum(typval_T *argvars)
     if (lnum <= 0)  // no valid number, try using arg like line()
     {
 	int	fnum;
-	pos_T	*fp = var2fpos(&argvars[0], TRUE, &fnum);
+	pos_T	*fp = var2fpos(&argvars[0], TRUE, &fnum, FALSE);
 
 	if (fp != NULL)
 	    lnum = fp->lnum;
diff --git a/src/userfunc.c b/src/userfunc.c
index 38930a2169..ded9ef7b0f 100644
--- a/src/userfunc.c
+++ b/src/userfunc.c
@@ -668,7 +668,7 @@ get_lambda_tv(
 		    goto errret;
 	    }
 	    else
-		fp->uf_ret_type = &t_unknown;
+		fp->uf_ret_type = &t_any;
 	}
 
 	fp->uf_lines = newlines;
@@ -727,47 +727,68 @@ errret:
  * name it contains, otherwise return "name".
  * If "partialp" is not NULL, and "name" is of type VAR_PARTIAL also set
  * "partialp".
+ * If "type" is not NULL and a Vim9 script-local variable is found look up the
+ * type of the variable.
  */
     char_u *
-deref_func_name(char_u *name, int *lenp, partial_T **partialp, int no_autoload)
+deref_func_name(
+	char_u	    *name,
+	int	    *lenp,
+	partial_T   **partialp,
+	type_T	    **type,
+	int	    no_autoload)
 {
     dictitem_T	*v;
     int		cc;
-    char_u	*s;
+    char_u	*s = NULL;
+    hashtab_T	*ht;
 
     if (partialp != NULL)
 	*partialp = NULL;
 
     cc = name[*lenp];
     name[*lenp] = NUL;
-    v = find_var(name, NULL, no_autoload);
+    v = find_var(name, &ht, no_autoload);
     name[*lenp] = cc;
-    if (v != NULL && v->di_tv.v_type == VAR_FUNC)
+    if (v != NULL)
     {
-	if (v->di_tv.vval.v_string == NULL)
+	if (v->di_tv.v_type == VAR_FUNC)
 	{
-	    *lenp = 0;
-	    return (char_u *)"";	// just in case
+	    if (v->di_tv.vval.v_string == NULL)
+	    {
+		*lenp = 0;
+		return (char_u *)"";	// just in case
+	    }
+	    s = v->di_tv.vval.v_string;
+	    *lenp = (int)STRLEN(s);
 	}
-	s = v->di_tv.vval.v_string;
-	*lenp = (int)STRLEN(s);
-	return s;
-    }
 
-    if (v != NULL && v->di_tv.v_type == VAR_PARTIAL)
-    {
-	partial_T *pt = v->di_tv.vval.v_partial;
-
-	if (pt == NULL)
+	if (v->di_tv.v_type == VAR_PARTIAL)
 	{
-	    *lenp = 0;
-	    return (char_u *)"";	// just in case
+	    partial_T *pt = v->di_tv.vval.v_partial;
+
+	    if (pt == NULL)
+	    {
+		*lenp = 0;
+		return (char_u *)"";	// just in case
+	    }
+	    if (partialp != NULL)
+		*partialp = pt;
+	    s = partial_name(pt);
+	    *lenp = (int)STRLEN(s);
+	}
+
+	if (s != NULL)
+	{
+	    if (type != NULL && ht == get_script_local_ht())
+	    {
+		svar_T  *sv = find_typval_in_script(&v->di_tv);
+
+		if (sv != NULL)
+		    *type = sv->sv_type;
+	    }
+	    return s;
 	}
-	if (partialp != NULL)
-	    *partialp = pt;
-	s = partial_name(pt);
-	*lenp = (int)STRLEN(s);
-	return s;
     }
 
     return name;
@@ -2387,6 +2408,14 @@ call_func(
 	}
     }
 
+    if (error == FCERR_NONE && funcexe->check_type != NULL && funcexe->evaluate)
+    {
+	// Check that the argument types are OK for the types of the funcref.
+	if (check_argument_types(funcexe->check_type, argvars, argcount,
+								 name) == FAIL)
+	    error = FCERR_OTHER;
+    }
+
     if (error == FCERR_NONE && funcexe->evaluate)
     {
 	char_u *rfname = fname;
@@ -2629,7 +2658,8 @@ trans_function_name(
     int		skip,		// only find the end, don't evaluate
     int		flags,
     funcdict_T	*fdp,		// return: info about dictionary used
-    partial_T	**partial)	// return: partial of a FuncRef
+    partial_T	**partial,	// return: partial of a FuncRef
+    type_T	**type)		// return: type of funcref if not NULL
 {
     char_u	*name = NULL;
     char_u	*start;
@@ -2733,7 +2763,7 @@ trans_function_name(
     if (lv.ll_exp_name != NULL)
     {
 	len = (int)STRLEN(lv.ll_exp_name);
-	name = deref_func_name(lv.ll_exp_name, &len, partial,
+	name = deref_func_name(lv.ll_exp_name, &len, partial, type,
 						     flags & TFN_NO_AUTOLOAD);
 	if (name == lv.ll_exp_name)
 	    name = NULL;
@@ -2741,7 +2771,8 @@ trans_function_name(
     else if (!(flags & TFN_NO_DEREF))
     {
 	len = (int)(end - *pp);
-	name = deref_func_name(*pp, &len, partial, flags & TFN_NO_AUTOLOAD);
+	name = deref_func_name(*pp, &len, partial, type,
+						      flags & TFN_NO_AUTOLOAD);
 	if (name == *pp)
 	    name = NULL;
     }
@@ -3063,8 +3094,16 @@ define_function(exarg_T *eap, char_u *name_arg)
     }
     else
     {
-	name = trans_function_name(&p, &is_global, eap->skip,
-						 TFN_NO_AUTOLOAD, &fudi, NULL);
+	if (STRNCMP(p, "<lambda>", 8) == 0)
+	{
+	    p += 8;
+	    (void)getdigits(&p);
+	    name = vim_strnsave(eap->arg, p - eap->arg);
+	    CLEAR_FIELD(fudi);
+	}
+	else
+	    name = trans_function_name(&p, &is_global, eap->skip,
+					   TFN_NO_AUTOLOAD, &fudi, NULL, NULL);
 	paren = (vim_strchr(p, '(') != NULL);
 	if (name == NULL && (fudi.fd_dict == NULL || !paren) && !eap->skip)
 	{
@@ -3413,8 +3452,10 @@ define_function(exarg_T *eap, char_u *name_arg)
 		;
 
 	    // Check for "endfunction" or "enddef".
+	    // When a ":" follows it must be a dict key; "enddef: value,"
 	    if (checkforcmd(&p, nesting_def[nesting]
-						? "enddef" : "endfunction", 4))
+						? "enddef" : "endfunction", 4)
+		    && *p != ':')
 	    {
 		if (nesting-- == 0)
 		{
@@ -3453,7 +3494,7 @@ define_function(exarg_T *eap, char_u *name_arg)
 	    // not find it.
 	    else if (nesting_def[nesting])
 	    {
-		if (checkforcmd(&p, "endfunction", 4))
+		if (checkforcmd(&p, "endfunction", 4) && *p != ':')
 		    emsg(_(e_mismatched_endfunction));
 	    }
 	    else if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_def && checkforcmd(&p, "enddef", 4))
@@ -3479,7 +3520,8 @@ define_function(exarg_T *eap, char_u *name_arg)
 		if (*p == '!')
 		    p = skipwhite(p + 1);
 		p += eval_fname_script(p);
-		vim_free(trans_function_name(&p, NULL, TRUE, 0, NULL, NULL));
+		vim_free(trans_function_name(&p, NULL, TRUE, 0, NULL,
+								  NULL, NULL));
 		if (*skipwhite(p) == '(')
 		{
 		    if (nesting == MAX_FUNC_NESTING - 1)
@@ -3616,7 +3658,7 @@ define_function(exarg_T *eap, char_u *name_arg)
     {
 	hashtab_T	*ht;
 
-	v = find_var(name, &ht, FALSE);
+	v = find_var(name, &ht, TRUE);
 	if (v != NULL && v->di_tv.v_type == VAR_FUNC)
 	{
 	    emsg_funcname(N_("E707: Function name conflicts with variable: %s"),
@@ -4007,7 +4049,7 @@ function_exists(char_u *name, int no_deref)
     flag = TFN_INT | TFN_QUIET | TFN_NO_AUTOLOAD;
     if (no_deref)
 	flag |= TFN_NO_DEREF;
-    p = trans_function_name(&nm, &is_global, FALSE, flag, NULL, NULL);
+    p = trans_function_name(&nm, &is_global, FALSE, flag, NULL, NULL, NULL);
     nm = skipwhite(nm);
 
     // Only accept "funcname", "funcname ", "funcname (..." and
@@ -4027,7 +4069,7 @@ get_expanded_name(char_u *name, int check)
     int		is_global = FALSE;
 
     p = trans_function_name(&nm, &is_global, FALSE,
-						TFN_INT|TFN_QUIET, NULL, NULL);
+					  TFN_INT|TFN_QUIET, NULL, NULL, NULL);
 
     if (p != NULL && *nm == NUL
 		       && (!check || translated_function_exists(p, is_global)))
@@ -4097,7 +4139,8 @@ ex_delfunction(exarg_T *eap)
     int		is_global = FALSE;
 
     p = eap->arg;
-    name = trans_function_name(&p, &is_global, eap->skip, 0, &fudi, NULL);
+    name = trans_function_name(&p, &is_global, eap->skip, 0, &fudi,
+								   NULL, NULL);
     vim_free(fudi.fd_newkey);
     if (name == NULL)
     {
@@ -4328,6 +4371,7 @@ ex_call(exarg_T *eap)
     funcdict_T	fudi;
     partial_T	*partial = NULL;
     evalarg_T	evalarg;
+    type_T	*type = NULL;
 
     fill_evalarg_from_eap(&evalarg, eap, eap->skip);
     if (eap->skip)
@@ -4343,8 +4387,8 @@ ex_call(exarg_T *eap)
 	return;
     }
 
-    tofree = trans_function_name(&arg, NULL, eap->skip,
-						     TFN_INT, &fudi, &partial);
+    tofree = trans_function_name(&arg, NULL, eap->skip, TFN_INT,
+			      &fudi, &partial, in_vim9script() ? &type : NULL);
     if (fudi.fd_newkey != NULL)
     {
 	// Still need to give an error message for missing key.
@@ -4363,8 +4407,8 @@ ex_call(exarg_T *eap)
     // contents.  For VAR_PARTIAL get its partial, unless we already have one
     // from trans_function_name().
     len = (int)STRLEN(tofree);
-    name = deref_func_name(tofree, &len,
-				    partial != NULL ? NULL : &partial, FALSE);
+    name = deref_func_name(tofree, &len, partial != NULL ? NULL : &partial,
+			in_vim9script() && type == NULL ? &type : NULL, FALSE);
 
     // Skip white space to allow ":call func ()".  Not good, but required for
     // backward compatibility.
@@ -4416,6 +4460,7 @@ ex_call(exarg_T *eap)
 	funcexe.evaluate = !eap->skip;
 	funcexe.partial = partial;
 	funcexe.selfdict = fudi.fd_dict;
+	funcexe.check_type = type;
 	if (get_func_tv(name, -1, &rettv, &arg, &evalarg, &funcexe) == FAIL)
 	{
 	    failed = TRUE;
diff --git a/src/version.c b/src/version.c
index 3b28f2b5c4..35ca2acc3c 100644
--- a/src/version.c
+++ b/src/version.c
@@ -765,6 +765,50 @@ static char *(features[]) =
 
 static int included_patches[] =
 {   /* Add new patch number below this line */
+/**/
+    2327,
+/**/
+    2326,
+/**/
+    2325,
+/**/
+    2324,
+/**/
+    2323,
+/**/
+    2322,
+/**/
+    2321,
+/**/
+    2320,
+/**/
+    2319,
+/**/
+    2318,
+/**/
+    2317,
+/**/
+    2316,
+/**/
+    2315,
+/**/
+    2314,
+/**/
+    2313,
+/**/
+    2312,
+/**/
+    2311,
+/**/
+    2310,
+/**/
+    2309,
+/**/
+    2308,
+/**/
+    2307,
+/**/
+    2306,
 /**/
     2305,
 /**/
diff --git a/src/vim9.h b/src/vim9.h
index 49103ba556..b0c465deb2 100644
--- a/src/vim9.h
+++ b/src/vim9.h
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ typedef enum {
     ISN_LOADWDICT,  // push w: dict
     ISN_LOADTDICT,  // push t: dict
     ISN_LOADS,	    // push s: variable isn_arg.loadstore
-    ISN_LOADOUTER,  // push variable from outer scope isn_arg.number
+    ISN_LOADOUTER,  // push variable from outer scope isn_arg.outer
     ISN_LOADSCRIPT, // push script-local variable isn_arg.script.
     ISN_LOADOPT,    // push option isn_arg.string
     ISN_LOADENV,    // push environment variable isn_arg.string
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ typedef enum {
     ISN_STOREW,	    // pop into window-local variable isn_arg.string
     ISN_STORET,	    // pop into tab-local variable isn_arg.string
     ISN_STORES,	    // pop into script variable isn_arg.loadstore
-    ISN_STOREOUTER,  // pop variable into outer scope isn_arg.number
+    ISN_STOREOUTER,  // pop variable into outer scope isn_arg.outer
     ISN_STORESCRIPT, // pop into script variable isn_arg.script
     ISN_STOREOPT,    // pop into option isn_arg.string
     ISN_STOREENV,    // pop into environment variable isn_arg.string
@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ typedef enum {
     ISN_PCALL,	    // call partial, use isn_arg.pfunc
     ISN_PCALL_END,  // cleanup after ISN_PCALL with cpf_top set
     ISN_RETURN,	    // return, result is on top of stack
+    ISN_RETURN_ZERO, // Push zero, then return
     ISN_FUNCREF,    // push a function ref to dfunc isn_arg.funcref
     ISN_NEWFUNC,    // create a global function from a lambda function
     ISN_DEF,	    // list functions
@@ -104,12 +105,12 @@ typedef enum {
     ISN_ADDLIST,    // add two lists
     ISN_ADDBLOB,    // add two blobs
 
-    // operation with two arguments; isn_arg.op.op_type is exptype_T
+    // operation with two arguments; isn_arg.op.op_type is exprtype_T
     ISN_OPNR,
     ISN_OPFLOAT,
     ISN_OPANY,
 
-    // comparative operations; isn_arg.op.op_type is exptype_T, op_ic used
+    // comparative operations; isn_arg.op.op_type is exprtype_T, op_ic used
     ISN_COMPAREBOOL,
     ISN_COMPARESPECIAL,
     ISN_COMPARENR,
@@ -216,7 +217,7 @@ typedef struct {
 
 // arguments to ISN_OPNR, ISN_OPFLOAT, etc.
 typedef struct {
-    exptype_T	op_type;
+    exprtype_T	op_type;
     int		op_ic;	    // TRUE with '#', FALSE with '?', else MAYBE
 } opexpr_T;
 
@@ -302,6 +303,12 @@ typedef struct {
     int		unp_semicolon;	// last item gets list of remainder
 } unpack_T;
 
+// arguments to ISN_LOADOUTER and ISN_STOREOUTER
+typedef struct {
+    int		outer_idx;	// index
+    int		outer_depth;	// nesting level, stack frames to go up
+} isn_outer_T;
+
 /*
  * Instruction
  */
@@ -341,6 +348,7 @@ struct isn_S {
 	put_T		    put;
 	cmod_T		    cmdmod;
 	unpack_T	    unpack;
+	isn_outer_T	    outer;
     } isn_arg;
 };
 
@@ -367,10 +375,13 @@ struct dfunc_S {
 // Number of entries used by stack frame for a function call.
 // - ec_dfunc_idx:   function index
 // - ec_iidx:        instruction index
-// - ec_outer_stack: stack used for closures  TODO: can we avoid this?
-// - ec_outer_frame: stack frame for closures
+// - ec_outer:	     stack used for closures
 // - ec_frame_idx:   previous frame index
-#define STACK_FRAME_SIZE 5
+#define STACK_FRAME_FUNC_OFF 0
+#define STACK_FRAME_IIDX_OFF 1
+#define STACK_FRAME_OUTER_OFF 2
+#define STACK_FRAME_IDX_OFF 3
+#define STACK_FRAME_SIZE 4
 
 
 #ifdef DEFINE_VIM9_GLOBALS
diff --git a/src/vim9compile.c b/src/vim9compile.c
index 9810f410ad..bcbc57dd12 100644
--- a/src/vim9compile.c
+++ b/src/vim9compile.c
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ typedef struct {
     char_u	*lv_name;
     type_T	*lv_type;
     int		lv_idx;		// index of the variable on the stack
-    int		lv_from_outer;	// when TRUE using ctx_outer scope
+    int		lv_from_outer;	// nesting level, using ctx_outer scope
     int		lv_const;	// when TRUE cannot be assigned to
     int		lv_arg;		// when TRUE this is an argument
 } lvar_T;
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ static void delete_def_function_contents(dfunc_T *dfunc, int mark_deleted);
 
 /*
  * Lookup variable "name" in the local scope and return it in "lvar".
- * "lvar->lv_from_outer" is set accordingly.
+ * "lvar->lv_from_outer" is incremented accordingly.
  * If "lvar" is NULL only check if the variable can be found.
  * Return FAIL if not found.
  */
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ lookup_local(char_u *name, size_t len, lvar_T *lvar, cctx_T *cctx)
 	    if (lvar != NULL)
 	    {
 		*lvar = *lvp;
-		lvar->lv_from_outer = FALSE;
+		lvar->lv_from_outer = 0;
 	    }
 	    return OK;
 	}
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ lookup_local(char_u *name, size_t len, lvar_T *lvar, cctx_T *cctx)
 	    if (lvar != NULL)
 	    {
 		cctx->ctx_outer_used = TRUE;
-		lvar->lv_from_outer = TRUE;
+		++lvar->lv_from_outer;
 	    }
 	    return OK;
 	}
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ arg_exists(
 	if (arg_exists(name, len, idxp, type, gen_load_outer, cctx->ctx_outer)
 									 == OK)
 	{
-	    *gen_load_outer = TRUE;
+	    ++*gen_load_outer;
 	    return OK;
 	}
     }
@@ -669,7 +669,7 @@ generate_two_op(cctx_T *cctx, char_u *op)
  * Return ISN_DROP when failed.
  */
     static isntype_T
-get_compare_isn(exptype_T exptype, vartype_T type1, vartype_T type2)
+get_compare_isn(exprtype_T exprtype, vartype_T type1, vartype_T type2)
 {
     isntype_T	isntype = ISN_DROP;
 
@@ -699,22 +699,22 @@ get_compare_isn(exptype_T exptype, vartype_T type1, vartype_T type2)
 	      && (type2 == VAR_NUMBER || type2 ==VAR_FLOAT)))
 	isntype = ISN_COMPAREANY;
 
-    if ((exptype == EXPR_IS || exptype == EXPR_ISNOT)
+    if ((exprtype == EXPR_IS || exprtype == EXPR_ISNOT)
 	    && (isntype == ISN_COMPAREBOOL
 	    || isntype == ISN_COMPARESPECIAL
 	    || isntype == ISN_COMPARENR
 	    || isntype == ISN_COMPAREFLOAT))
     {
 	semsg(_(e_cannot_use_str_with_str),
-		exptype == EXPR_IS ? "is" : "isnot" , vartype_name(type1));
+		exprtype == EXPR_IS ? "is" : "isnot" , vartype_name(type1));
 	return ISN_DROP;
     }
     if (isntype == ISN_DROP
-	    || ((exptype != EXPR_EQUAL && exptype != EXPR_NEQUAL
+	    || ((exprtype != EXPR_EQUAL && exprtype != EXPR_NEQUAL
 		    && (type1 == VAR_BOOL || type1 == VAR_SPECIAL
 		       || type2 == VAR_BOOL || type2 == VAR_SPECIAL)))
-	    || ((exptype != EXPR_EQUAL && exptype != EXPR_NEQUAL
-				 && exptype != EXPR_IS && exptype != EXPR_ISNOT
+	    || ((exprtype != EXPR_EQUAL && exprtype != EXPR_NEQUAL
+				 && exprtype != EXPR_IS && exprtype != EXPR_ISNOT
 		    && (type1 == VAR_BLOB || type2 == VAR_BLOB
 			|| type1 == VAR_LIST || type2 == VAR_LIST))))
     {
@@ -726,7 +726,7 @@ get_compare_isn(exptype_T exptype, vartype_T type1, vartype_T type2)
 }
 
     int
-check_compare_types(exptype_T type, typval_T *tv1, typval_T *tv2)
+check_compare_types(exprtype_T type, typval_T *tv1, typval_T *tv2)
 {
     if (get_compare_isn(type, tv1->v_type, tv2->v_type) == ISN_DROP)
 	return FAIL;
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ check_compare_types(exptype_T type, typval_T *tv1, typval_T *tv2)
  * Generate an ISN_COMPARE* instruction with a boolean result.
  */
     static int
-generate_COMPARE(cctx_T *cctx, exptype_T exptype, int ic)
+generate_COMPARE(cctx_T *cctx, exprtype_T exprtype, int ic)
 {
     isntype_T	isntype;
     isn_T	*isn;
@@ -752,13 +752,13 @@ generate_COMPARE(cctx_T *cctx, exptype_T exptype, int ic)
     // checking.
     type1 = ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len - 2]->tt_type;
     type2 = ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len - 1]->tt_type;
-    isntype = get_compare_isn(exptype, type1, type2);
+    isntype = get_compare_isn(exprtype, type1, type2);
     if (isntype == ISN_DROP)
 	return FAIL;
 
     if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, isntype)) == NULL)
 	return FAIL;
-    isn->isn_arg.op.op_type = exptype;
+    isn->isn_arg.op.op_type = exprtype;
     isn->isn_arg.op.op_ic = ic;
 
     // takes two arguments, puts one bool back
@@ -857,7 +857,9 @@ use_typecheck(type_T *actual, type_T *expected)
 	    || (actual->tt_type == VAR_FUNC
 		&& (expected->tt_type == VAR_FUNC
 					   || expected->tt_type == VAR_PARTIAL)
-		&& (actual->tt_member == &t_any || actual->tt_argcount < 0)))
+		&& (actual->tt_member == &t_any || actual->tt_argcount < 0)
+		&& ((actual->tt_member == &t_void)
+					 == (expected->tt_member == &t_void))))
 	return TRUE;
     if ((actual->tt_type == VAR_LIST || actual->tt_type == VAR_DICT)
 				       && actual->tt_type == expected->tt_type)
@@ -1173,6 +1175,23 @@ generate_STORE(cctx_T *cctx, isntype_T isn_type, int idx, char_u *name)
     return OK;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_STOREOUTER instruction.
+ */
+    static int
+generate_STOREOUTER(cctx_T *cctx, int idx, int level)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr_drop(cctx, ISN_STOREOUTER, 1)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.outer.outer_idx = idx;
+    isn->isn_arg.outer.outer_depth = level;
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
 /*
  * Generate an ISN_STORENR instruction (short for ISN_PUSHNR + ISN_STORE)
  */
@@ -1231,6 +1250,27 @@ generate_LOAD(
     return OK;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Generate an ISN_LOADOUTER instruction
+ */
+    static int
+generate_LOADOUTER(
+	cctx_T	    *cctx,
+	int	    idx,
+	int	    nesting,
+	type_T	    *type)
+{
+    isn_T	*isn;
+
+    RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
+    if ((isn = generate_instr_type(cctx, ISN_LOADOUTER, type)) == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+    isn->isn_arg.outer.outer_idx = idx;
+    isn->isn_arg.outer.outer_depth = nesting;
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
 /*
  * Generate an ISN_LOADV instruction for v:var.
  */
@@ -1437,6 +1477,11 @@ generate_FUNCREF(cctx_T *cctx, ufunc_T *ufunc)
     isn->isn_arg.funcref.fr_func = ufunc->uf_dfunc_idx;
     cctx->ctx_has_closure = 1;
 
+    // if the referenced function is a closure, it may use items further up in
+    // the nested context, including this one.
+    if (ufunc->uf_flags & FC_CLOSURE)
+	cctx->ctx_ufunc->uf_flags |= FC_CLOSURE;
+
     if (ga_grow(stack, 1) == FAIL)
 	return FAIL;
     ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len] =
@@ -1547,6 +1592,7 @@ generate_BCALL(cctx_T *cctx, int func_idx, int argcount, int method_call)
     garray_T	*stack = &cctx->ctx_type_stack;
     int		argoff;
     type_T	**argtypes = NULL;
+    type_T	*maptype = NULL;
 
     RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
     argoff = check_internal_func(func_idx, argcount);
@@ -1567,6 +1613,8 @@ generate_BCALL(cctx_T *cctx, int func_idx, int argcount, int method_call)
 	argtypes = ((type_T **)stack->ga_data) + stack->ga_len - argcount;
 	if (internal_func_check_arg_types(argtypes, func_idx, argcount) == FAIL)
 	    return FAIL;
+	if (internal_func_is_map(func_idx))
+	    maptype = *argtypes;
     }
 
     if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_BCALL)) == NULL)
@@ -1582,6 +1630,11 @@ generate_BCALL(cctx_T *cctx, int func_idx, int argcount, int method_call)
 			  internal_func_ret_type(func_idx, argcount, argtypes);
     ++stack->ga_len;
 
+    if (maptype != NULL && maptype->tt_member != NULL
+					       && maptype->tt_member != &t_any)
+	// Check that map() didn't change the item types.
+	generate_TYPECHECK(cctx, maptype, -1);
+
     return OK;
 }
 
@@ -1790,9 +1843,9 @@ generate_PCALL(
 						       stack->ga_len + offset];
 		    type_T *expected;
 
-		    if (varargs && i >= type->tt_min_argcount - 1)
+		    if (varargs && i >= type->tt_argcount - 1)
 			expected = type->tt_args[
-					 type->tt_min_argcount - 1]->tt_member;
+					     type->tt_argcount - 1]->tt_member;
 		    else
 			expected = type->tt_args[i];
 		    if (need_type(actual, expected, offset,
@@ -1854,7 +1907,10 @@ generate_STRINGMEMBER(cctx_T *cctx, char_u *name, size_t len)
     }
     // change dict type to dict member type
     if (type->tt_type == VAR_DICT)
-	((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len - 1] = type->tt_member;
+    {
+	((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len - 1] =
+		      type->tt_member == &t_unknown ? &t_any : type->tt_member;
+    }
 
     return OK;
 }
@@ -2587,7 +2643,7 @@ compile_load(
 	size_t	    len = end - *arg;
 	int	    idx;
 	int	    gen_load = FALSE;
-	int	    gen_load_outer = FALSE;
+	int	    gen_load_outer = 0;
 
 	name = vim_strnsave(*arg, end - *arg);
 	if (name == NULL)
@@ -2595,7 +2651,7 @@ compile_load(
 
 	if (arg_exists(*arg, len, &idx, &type, &gen_load_outer, cctx) == OK)
 	{
-	    if (!gen_load_outer)
+	    if (gen_load_outer == 0)
 		gen_load = TRUE;
 	}
 	else
@@ -2606,8 +2662,8 @@ compile_load(
 	    {
 		type = lvar.lv_type;
 		idx = lvar.lv_idx;
-		if (lvar.lv_from_outer)
-		    gen_load_outer = TRUE;
+		if (lvar.lv_from_outer != 0)
+		    gen_load_outer = lvar.lv_from_outer;
 		else
 		    gen_load = TRUE;
 	    }
@@ -2629,9 +2685,9 @@ compile_load(
 	}
 	if (gen_load)
 	    res = generate_LOAD(cctx, ISN_LOAD, idx, NULL, type);
-	if (gen_load_outer)
+	if (gen_load_outer > 0)
 	{
-	    res = generate_LOAD(cctx, ISN_LOADOUTER, idx, NULL, type);
+	    res = generate_LOADOUTER(cctx, idx, gen_load_outer, type);
 	    cctx->ctx_outer_used = TRUE;
 	}
     }
@@ -3346,10 +3402,10 @@ get_vim_constant(char_u **arg, typval_T *rettv)
     }
 }
 
-    exptype_T
+    exprtype_T
 get_compare_type(char_u *p, int *len, int *type_is)
 {
-    exptype_T	type = EXPR_UNKNOWN;
+    exprtype_T	type = EXPR_UNKNOWN;
     int		i;
 
     switch (p[0])
@@ -3748,7 +3804,12 @@ compile_subscript(
 		    return FAIL;
 		}
 		if ((*typep)->tt_type == VAR_DICT)
+		{
 		    *typep = (*typep)->tt_member;
+		    if (*typep == &t_unknown)
+			// empty dict was used
+			*typep = &t_any;
+		}
 		else
 		{
 		    if (need_type(*typep, &t_dict_any, -2, cctx,
@@ -3786,7 +3847,12 @@ compile_subscript(
 		else
 		{
 		    if ((*typep)->tt_type == VAR_LIST)
+		    {
 			*typep = (*typep)->tt_member;
+			if (*typep == &t_unknown)
+			    // empty list was used
+			    *typep = &t_any;
+		    }
 		    if (generate_instr_drop(cctx,
 			     vtype == VAR_LIST ?  ISN_LISTINDEX : ISN_ANYINDEX,
 								    1) == FAIL)
@@ -4344,7 +4410,7 @@ compile_expr5(char_u **arg, cctx_T *cctx, ppconst_T *ppconst)
     static int
 compile_expr4(char_u **arg, cctx_T *cctx, ppconst_T *ppconst)
 {
-    exptype_T	type = EXPR_UNKNOWN;
+    exprtype_T	type = EXPR_UNKNOWN;
     char_u	*p;
     char_u	*next;
     int		len = 2;
@@ -4812,7 +4878,8 @@ compile_return(char_u *arg, int check_return_type, cctx_T *cctx)
 	{
 	    stack_type = ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len - 1];
 	    if (check_return_type && (cctx->ctx_ufunc->uf_ret_type == NULL
-				|| cctx->ctx_ufunc->uf_ret_type == &t_unknown))
+				|| cctx->ctx_ufunc->uf_ret_type == &t_unknown
+				|| cctx->ctx_ufunc->uf_ret_type == &t_any))
 	    {
 		cctx->ctx_ufunc->uf_ret_type = stack_type;
 	    }
@@ -5117,9 +5184,9 @@ generate_loadvar(
 	    generate_LOADV(cctx, name + 2, TRUE);
 	    break;
 	case dest_local:
-	    if (lvar->lv_from_outer)
-		generate_LOAD(cctx, ISN_LOADOUTER, lvar->lv_idx,
-							   NULL, type);
+	    if (lvar->lv_from_outer > 0)
+		generate_LOADOUTER(cctx, lvar->lv_idx, lvar->lv_from_outer,
+									 type);
 	    else
 		generate_LOAD(cctx, ISN_LOAD, lvar->lv_idx, NULL, type);
 	    break;
@@ -6175,7 +6242,7 @@ compile_assignment(char_u *arg, exarg_T *eap, cmdidx_T cmdidx, cctx_T *cctx)
 
 		// optimization: turn "var = 123" from ISN_PUSHNR +
 		// ISN_STORE into ISN_STORENR
-		if (!lhs.lhs_lvar->lv_from_outer
+		if (lhs.lhs_lvar->lv_from_outer == 0
 				&& instr->ga_len == instr_count + 1
 				&& isn->isn_type == ISN_PUSHNR)
 		{
@@ -6187,9 +6254,9 @@ compile_assignment(char_u *arg, exarg_T *eap, cmdidx_T cmdidx, cctx_T *cctx)
 		    if (stack->ga_len > 0)
 			--stack->ga_len;
 		}
-		else if (lhs.lhs_lvar->lv_from_outer)
-		    generate_STORE(cctx, ISN_STOREOUTER,
-						   lhs.lhs_lvar->lv_idx, NULL);
+		else if (lhs.lhs_lvar->lv_from_outer > 0)
+		    generate_STOREOUTER(cctx, lhs.lhs_lvar->lv_idx,
+						  lhs.lhs_lvar->lv_from_outer);
 		else
 		    generate_STORE(cctx, ISN_STORE, lhs.lhs_lvar->lv_idx, NULL);
 	    }
@@ -6213,6 +6280,77 @@ theend:
     return ret;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Check for an assignment at "eap->cmd", compile it if found.
+ * Return NOTDONE if there is none, FAIL for failure, OK if done.
+ */
+    static int
+may_compile_assignment(exarg_T *eap, char_u **line, cctx_T *cctx)
+{
+    char_u  *pskip;
+    char_u  *p;
+
+    // Assuming the command starts with a variable or function name,
+    // find what follows.
+    // Skip over "var.member", "var[idx]" and the like.
+    // Also "&opt = val", "$ENV = val" and "@r = val".
+    pskip = (*eap->cmd == '&' || *eap->cmd == '$' || *eap->cmd == '@')
+						 ? eap->cmd + 1 : eap->cmd;
+    p = to_name_end(pskip, TRUE);
+    if (p > eap->cmd && *p != NUL)
+    {
+	char_u *var_end;
+	int	oplen;
+	int	heredoc;
+
+	if (eap->cmd[0] == '@')
+	    var_end = eap->cmd + 2;
+	else
+	    var_end = find_name_end(pskip, NULL, NULL,
+					FNE_CHECK_START | FNE_INCL_BR);
+	oplen = assignment_len(skipwhite(var_end), &heredoc);
+	if (oplen > 0)
+	{
+	    size_t len = p - eap->cmd;
+
+	    // Recognize an assignment if we recognize the variable
+	    // name:
+	    // "g:var = expr"
+	    // "local = expr"  where "local" is a local var.
+	    // "script = expr"  where "script" is a script-local var.
+	    // "import = expr"  where "import" is an imported var
+	    // "&opt = expr"
+	    // "$ENV = expr"
+	    // "@r = expr"
+	    if (*eap->cmd == '&'
+		    || *eap->cmd == '$'
+		    || *eap->cmd == '@'
+		    || ((len) > 2 && eap->cmd[1] == ':')
+		    || lookup_local(eap->cmd, len, NULL, cctx) == OK
+		    || arg_exists(eap->cmd, len, NULL, NULL, NULL, cctx) == OK
+		    || script_var_exists(eap->cmd, len, FALSE, cctx) == OK
+		    || find_imported(eap->cmd, len, cctx) != NULL)
+	    {
+		*line = compile_assignment(eap->cmd, eap, CMD_SIZE, cctx);
+		if (*line == NULL || *line == eap->cmd)
+		    return FAIL;
+		return OK;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (*eap->cmd == '[')
+    {
+	// [var, var] = expr
+	*line = compile_assignment(eap->cmd, eap, CMD_SIZE, cctx);
+	if (*line == NULL)
+	    return FAIL;
+	if (*line != eap->cmd)
+	    return OK;
+    }
+    return NOTDONE;
+}
+
 /*
  * Check if "name" can be "unlet".
  */
@@ -7835,68 +7973,14 @@ compile_def_function(ufunc_T *ufunc, int check_return_type, cctx_T *outer_cctx)
 
 	if (!starts_with_colon)
 	{
-	    char_u *pskip;
+	    int	    assign;
 
-	    // Assuming the command starts with a variable or function name,
-	    // find what follows.
-	    // Skip over "var.member", "var[idx]" and the like.
-	    // Also "&opt = val", "$ENV = val" and "@r = val".
-	    pskip = (*ea.cmd == '&' || *ea.cmd == '$' || *ea.cmd == '@')
-							 ? ea.cmd + 1 : ea.cmd;
-	    p = to_name_end(pskip, TRUE);
-	    if (p > ea.cmd && *p != NUL)
-	    {
-		char_u *var_end;
-		int	oplen;
-		int	heredoc;
-
-		if (ea.cmd[0] == '@')
-		    var_end = ea.cmd + 2;
-		else
-		    var_end = find_name_end(pskip, NULL, NULL,
-						FNE_CHECK_START | FNE_INCL_BR);
-		oplen = assignment_len(skipwhite(var_end), &heredoc);
-		if (oplen > 0)
-		{
-		    size_t len = p - ea.cmd;
-
-		    // Recognize an assignment if we recognize the variable
-		    // name:
-		    // "g:var = expr"
-		    // "local = expr"  where "local" is a local var.
-		    // "script = expr"  where "script" is a script-local var.
-		    // "import = expr"  where "import" is an imported var
-		    // "&opt = expr"
-		    // "$ENV = expr"
-		    // "@r = expr"
-		    if (*ea.cmd == '&'
-			    || *ea.cmd == '$'
-			    || *ea.cmd == '@'
-			    || ((len) > 2 && ea.cmd[1] == ':')
-			    || lookup_local(ea.cmd, len, NULL, &cctx) == OK
-			    || arg_exists(ea.cmd, len, NULL, NULL,
-							     NULL, &cctx) == OK
-			    || script_var_exists(ea.cmd, len,
-							    FALSE, &cctx) == OK
-			    || find_imported(ea.cmd, len, &cctx) != NULL)
-		    {
-			line = compile_assignment(ea.cmd, &ea, CMD_SIZE, &cctx);
-			if (line == NULL || line == ea.cmd)
-			    goto erret;
-			goto nextline;
-		    }
-		}
-	    }
-
-	    if (*ea.cmd == '[')
-	    {
-		// [var, var] = expr
-		line = compile_assignment(ea.cmd, &ea, CMD_SIZE, &cctx);
-		if (line == NULL)
-		    goto erret;
-		if (line != ea.cmd)
-		    goto nextline;
-	    }
+	    // Check for assignment after command modifiers.
+	    assign = may_compile_assignment(&ea, &line, &cctx);
+	    if (assign == OK)
+		goto nextline;
+	    if (assign == FAIL)
+		goto erret;
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -8170,8 +8254,7 @@ nextline:
 	}
 
 	// Return zero if there is no return at the end.
-	generate_PUSHNR(&cctx, 0);
-	generate_instr(&cctx, ISN_RETURN);
+	generate_instr(&cctx, ISN_RETURN_ZERO);
     }
 
     {
@@ -8463,6 +8546,7 @@ delete_instr(isn_T *isn)
 	case ISN_PUSHSPEC:
 	case ISN_PUT:
 	case ISN_RETURN:
+	case ISN_RETURN_ZERO:
 	case ISN_SHUFFLE:
 	case ISN_SLICE:
 	case ISN_STORE:
diff --git a/src/vim9execute.c b/src/vim9execute.c
index b6297d7eba..378b10443a 100644
--- a/src/vim9execute.c
+++ b/src/vim9execute.c
@@ -58,8 +58,7 @@ struct ectx_S {
     garray_T	ec_stack;	// stack of typval_T values
     int		ec_frame_idx;	// index in ec_stack: context of ec_dfunc_idx
 
-    garray_T	*ec_outer_stack;    // stack used for closures
-    int		ec_outer_frame;	    // stack frame in ec_outer_stack
+    outer_T	*ec_outer;	// outer scope used for closures, allocated
 
     garray_T	ec_trystack;	// stack of trycmd_T values
     int		ec_in_catch;	// when TRUE in catch or finally block
@@ -149,6 +148,9 @@ exe_newlist(int count, ectx_T *ectx)
 
 /*
  * Call compiled function "cdf_idx" from compiled code.
+ * This adds a stack frame and sets the instruction pointer to the start of the
+ * called function.
+ * If "pt" is not null use "pt->pt_outer" for ec_outer.
  *
  * Stack has:
  * - current arguments (already there)
@@ -160,7 +162,7 @@ exe_newlist(int count, ectx_T *ectx)
  * - reserved space for local variables
  */
     static int
-call_dfunc(int cdf_idx, int argcount_arg, ectx_T *ectx)
+call_dfunc(int cdf_idx, partial_T *pt, int argcount_arg, ectx_T *ectx)
 {
     int	    argcount = argcount_arg;
     dfunc_T *dfunc = ((dfunc_T *)def_functions.ga_data) + cdf_idx;
@@ -243,11 +245,10 @@ call_dfunc(int cdf_idx, int argcount_arg, ectx_T *ectx)
     ectx->ec_stack.ga_len += arg_to_add;
 
     // Store current execution state in stack frame for ISN_RETURN.
-    STACK_TV_BOT(0)->vval.v_number = ectx->ec_dfunc_idx;
-    STACK_TV_BOT(1)->vval.v_number = ectx->ec_iidx;
-    STACK_TV_BOT(2)->vval.v_string = (void *)ectx->ec_outer_stack;
-    STACK_TV_BOT(3)->vval.v_number = ectx->ec_outer_frame;
-    STACK_TV_BOT(4)->vval.v_number = ectx->ec_frame_idx;
+    STACK_TV_BOT(STACK_FRAME_FUNC_OFF)->vval.v_number = ectx->ec_dfunc_idx;
+    STACK_TV_BOT(STACK_FRAME_IIDX_OFF)->vval.v_number = ectx->ec_iidx;
+    STACK_TV_BOT(STACK_FRAME_OUTER_OFF)->vval.v_string = (void *)ectx->ec_outer;
+    STACK_TV_BOT(STACK_FRAME_IDX_OFF)->vval.v_number = ectx->ec_frame_idx;
     ectx->ec_frame_idx = ectx->ec_stack.ga_len;
 
     // Initialize local variables
@@ -262,11 +263,32 @@ call_dfunc(int cdf_idx, int argcount_arg, ectx_T *ectx)
     }
     ectx->ec_stack.ga_len += STACK_FRAME_SIZE + varcount;
 
-    if (ufunc->uf_partial != NULL)
+    if (pt != NULL || ufunc->uf_partial != NULL || ufunc->uf_flags & FC_CLOSURE)
     {
-	ectx->ec_outer_stack = ufunc->uf_partial->pt_ectx_stack;
-	ectx->ec_outer_frame = ufunc->uf_partial->pt_ectx_frame;
+	outer_T *outer = ALLOC_CLEAR_ONE(outer_T);
+
+	if (outer == NULL)
+	    return FAIL;
+	if (pt != NULL)
+	{
+	    *outer = pt->pt_outer;
+	    outer->out_up_is_copy = TRUE;
+	}
+	else if (ufunc->uf_partial != NULL)
+	{
+	    *outer = ufunc->uf_partial->pt_outer;
+	    outer->out_up_is_copy = TRUE;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+	    outer->out_stack = &ectx->ec_stack;
+	    outer->out_frame_idx = ectx->ec_frame_idx;
+	    outer->out_up = ectx->ec_outer;
+	}
+	ectx->ec_outer = outer;
     }
+    else
+	ectx->ec_outer = NULL;
 
     // Set execution state to the start of the called function.
     ectx->ec_dfunc_idx = cdf_idx;
@@ -415,8 +437,9 @@ handle_closure_in_use(ectx_T *ectx, int free_arguments)
 	    {
 		++funcstack->fs_refcount;
 		pt->pt_funcstack = funcstack;
-		pt->pt_ectx_stack = &funcstack->fs_ga;
-		pt->pt_ectx_frame = ectx->ec_frame_idx - top;
+		pt->pt_outer.out_stack = &funcstack->fs_ga;
+		pt->pt_outer.out_frame_idx = ectx->ec_frame_idx - top;
+		pt->pt_outer.out_up = ectx->ec_outer;
 	    }
 	}
     }
@@ -502,17 +525,21 @@ func_return(ectx_T *ectx)
     // The return value should be on top of the stack.  However, when aborting
     // it may not be there and ec_frame_idx is the top of the stack.
     ret_idx = ectx->ec_stack.ga_len - 1;
-    if (ret_idx == ectx->ec_frame_idx + 4)
+    if (ret_idx == ectx->ec_frame_idx + STACK_FRAME_IDX_OFF)
 	ret_idx = 0;
 
+    vim_free(ectx->ec_outer);
+
     // Restore the previous frame.
-    ectx->ec_dfunc_idx = STACK_TV(ectx->ec_frame_idx)->vval.v_number;
-    ectx->ec_iidx = STACK_TV(ectx->ec_frame_idx + 1)->vval.v_number;
-    ectx->ec_outer_stack =
-		       (void *)STACK_TV(ectx->ec_frame_idx + 2)->vval.v_string;
-    ectx->ec_outer_frame = STACK_TV(ectx->ec_frame_idx + 3)->vval.v_number;
+    ectx->ec_dfunc_idx = STACK_TV(ectx->ec_frame_idx
+					+ STACK_FRAME_FUNC_OFF)->vval.v_number;
+    ectx->ec_iidx = STACK_TV(ectx->ec_frame_idx
+					+ STACK_FRAME_IIDX_OFF)->vval.v_number;
+    ectx->ec_outer = (void *)STACK_TV(ectx->ec_frame_idx
+				       + STACK_FRAME_OUTER_OFF)->vval.v_string;
     // restoring ec_frame_idx must be last
-    ectx->ec_frame_idx = STACK_TV(ectx->ec_frame_idx + 4)->vval.v_number;
+    ectx->ec_frame_idx = STACK_TV(ectx->ec_frame_idx
+				       + STACK_FRAME_IDX_OFF)->vval.v_number;
     dfunc = ((dfunc_T *)def_functions.ga_data) + ectx->ec_dfunc_idx;
     ectx->ec_instr = dfunc->df_instr;
 
@@ -598,10 +625,19 @@ call_bfunc(int func_idx, int argcount, ectx_T *ectx)
 
 /*
  * Execute a user defined function.
+ * If the function is compiled this will add a stack frame and set the
+ * instruction pointer at the start of the function.
+ * Otherwise the function is called here.
+ * If "pt" is not null use "pt->pt_outer" for ec_outer.
  * "iptr" can be used to replace the instruction with a more efficient one.
  */
     static int
-call_ufunc(ufunc_T *ufunc, int argcount, ectx_T *ectx, isn_T *iptr)
+call_ufunc(
+	ufunc_T	    *ufunc,
+	partial_T   *pt,
+	int	    argcount,
+	ectx_T	    *ectx,
+	isn_T	    *iptr)
 {
     typval_T	argvars[MAX_FUNC_ARGS];
     funcexe_T   funcexe;
@@ -634,7 +670,7 @@ call_ufunc(ufunc_T *ufunc, int argcount, ectx_T *ectx, isn_T *iptr)
 	    iptr->isn_arg.dfunc.cdf_idx = ufunc->uf_dfunc_idx;
 	    iptr->isn_arg.dfunc.cdf_argcount = argcount;
 	}
-	return call_dfunc(ufunc->uf_dfunc_idx, argcount, ectx);
+	return call_dfunc(ufunc->uf_dfunc_idx, pt, argcount, ectx);
     }
 
     if (call_prepare(argcount, argvars, ectx) == FAIL)
@@ -707,7 +743,7 @@ call_by_name(char_u *name, int argcount, ectx_T *ectx, isn_T *iptr)
     }
 
     if (ufunc != NULL)
-	return call_ufunc(ufunc, argcount, ectx, iptr);
+	return call_ufunc(ufunc, NULL, argcount, ectx, iptr);
 
     return FAIL;
 }
@@ -742,15 +778,8 @@ call_partial(typval_T *tv, int argcount_arg, ectx_T *ectx)
 	}
 
 	if (pt->pt_func != NULL)
-	{
-	    int ret = call_ufunc(pt->pt_func, argcount, ectx, NULL);
+	    return call_ufunc(pt->pt_func, pt, argcount, ectx, NULL);
 
-	    // closure may need the function context where it was defined
-	    ectx->ec_outer_stack = pt->pt_ectx_stack;
-	    ectx->ec_outer_frame = pt->pt_ectx_frame;
-
-	    return ret;
-	}
 	name = pt->pt_name;
     }
     else if (tv->v_type == VAR_FUNC)
@@ -863,6 +892,108 @@ allocate_if_null(typval_T *tv)
     }
 }
 
+/*
+ * Return the character "str[index]" where "index" is the character index.  If
+ * "index" is out of range NULL is returned.
+ */
+    char_u *
+char_from_string(char_u *str, varnumber_T index)
+{
+    size_t	    nbyte = 0;
+    varnumber_T	    nchar = index;
+    size_t	    slen;
+
+    if (str == NULL)
+	return NULL;
+    slen = STRLEN(str);
+
+    // do the same as for a list: a negative index counts from the end
+    if (index < 0)
+    {
+	int	clen = 0;
+
+	for (nbyte = 0; nbyte < slen; ++clen)
+	    nbyte += MB_CPTR2LEN(str + nbyte);
+	nchar = clen + index;
+	if (nchar < 0)
+	    // unlike list: index out of range results in empty string
+	    return NULL;
+    }
+
+    for (nbyte = 0; nchar > 0 && nbyte < slen; --nchar)
+	nbyte += MB_CPTR2LEN(str + nbyte);
+    if (nbyte >= slen)
+	return NULL;
+    return vim_strnsave(str + nbyte, MB_CPTR2LEN(str + nbyte));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get the byte index for character index "idx" in string "str" with length
+ * "str_len".
+ * If going over the end return "str_len".
+ * If "idx" is negative count from the end, -1 is the last character.
+ * When going over the start return -1.
+ */
+    static long
+char_idx2byte(char_u *str, size_t str_len, varnumber_T idx)
+{
+    varnumber_T nchar = idx;
+    size_t	nbyte = 0;
+
+    if (nchar >= 0)
+    {
+	while (nchar > 0 && nbyte < str_len)
+	{
+	    nbyte += MB_CPTR2LEN(str + nbyte);
+	    --nchar;
+	}
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	nbyte = str_len;
+	while (nchar < 0 && nbyte > 0)
+	{
+	    --nbyte;
+	    nbyte -= mb_head_off(str, str + nbyte);
+	    ++nchar;
+	}
+	if (nchar < 0)
+	    return -1;
+    }
+    return (long)nbyte;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the slice "str[first:last]" using character indexes.
+ * Return NULL when the result is empty.
+ */
+    char_u *
+string_slice(char_u *str, varnumber_T first, varnumber_T last)
+{
+    long	start_byte, end_byte;
+    size_t	slen;
+
+    if (str == NULL)
+	return NULL;
+    slen = STRLEN(str);
+    start_byte = char_idx2byte(str, slen, first);
+    if (start_byte < 0)
+	start_byte = 0; // first index very negative: use zero
+    if (last == -1)
+	end_byte = (long)slen;
+    else
+    {
+	end_byte = char_idx2byte(str, slen, last);
+	if (end_byte >= 0 && end_byte < (long)slen)
+	    // end index is inclusive
+	    end_byte += MB_CPTR2LEN(str + end_byte);
+    }
+
+    if (start_byte >= (long)slen || end_byte <= start_byte)
+	return NULL;
+    return vim_strnsave(str + start_byte, end_byte - start_byte);
+}
+
     static svar_T *
 get_script_svar(scriptref_T *sref, ectx_T *ectx)
 {
@@ -937,8 +1068,10 @@ fill_partial_and_closure(partial_T *pt, ufunc_T *ufunc, ectx_T *ectx)
 
 	// The closure needs to find arguments and local
 	// variables in the current stack.
-	pt->pt_ectx_stack = &ectx->ec_stack;
-	pt->pt_ectx_frame = ectx->ec_frame_idx;
+	pt->pt_outer.out_stack = &ectx->ec_stack;
+	pt->pt_outer.out_frame_idx = ectx->ec_frame_idx;
+	pt->pt_outer.out_up = ectx->ec_outer;
+	pt->pt_outer.out_up_is_copy = TRUE;
 
 	// If this function returns and the closure is still
 	// being used, we need to make a copy of the context
@@ -1005,9 +1138,6 @@ call_def_function(
 // Get pointer to a local variable on the stack.  Negative for arguments.
 #define STACK_TV_VAR(idx) (((typval_T *)ectx.ec_stack.ga_data) + ectx.ec_frame_idx + STACK_FRAME_SIZE + idx)
 
-// Like STACK_TV_VAR but use the outer scope
-#define STACK_OUT_TV_VAR(idx) (((typval_T *)ectx.ec_outer_stack->ga_data) + ectx.ec_outer_frame + STACK_FRAME_SIZE + idx)
-
     if (ufunc->uf_def_status == UF_NOT_COMPILED
 	    || (ufunc->uf_def_status == UF_TO_BE_COMPILED
 			  && compile_def_function(ufunc, FALSE, NULL) == FAIL))
@@ -1111,24 +1241,24 @@ call_def_function(
     ectx.ec_frame_idx = ectx.ec_stack.ga_len;
     initial_frame_idx = ectx.ec_frame_idx;
 
-    if (partial != NULL)
+    if (partial != NULL || ufunc->uf_partial != NULL)
     {
-	if (partial->pt_ectx_stack == NULL && current_ectx != NULL)
+	ectx.ec_outer = ALLOC_CLEAR_ONE(outer_T);
+	if (ectx.ec_outer == NULL)
+	    goto failed_early;
+	if (partial != NULL)
 	{
-	    // TODO: is this always the right way?
-	    ectx.ec_outer_stack = &current_ectx->ec_stack;
-	    ectx.ec_outer_frame = current_ectx->ec_frame_idx;
+	    if (partial->pt_outer.out_stack == NULL && current_ectx != NULL)
+	    {
+		if (current_ectx->ec_outer != NULL)
+		    *ectx.ec_outer = *current_ectx->ec_outer;
+	    }
+	    else
+		*ectx.ec_outer = partial->pt_outer;
 	}
 	else
-	{
-	    ectx.ec_outer_stack = partial->pt_ectx_stack;
-	    ectx.ec_outer_frame = partial->pt_ectx_frame;
-	}
-    }
-    else if (ufunc->uf_partial != NULL)
-    {
-	ectx.ec_outer_stack = ufunc->uf_partial->pt_ectx_stack;
-	ectx.ec_outer_frame = ufunc->uf_partial->pt_ectx_frame;
+	    *ectx.ec_outer = ufunc->uf_partial->pt_outer;
+	ectx.ec_outer->out_up_is_copy = TRUE;
     }
 
     // dummy frame entries
@@ -1410,15 +1540,6 @@ call_def_function(
 		++ectx.ec_stack.ga_len;
 		break;
 
-	    // load variable or argument from outer scope
-	    case ISN_LOADOUTER:
-		if (GA_GROW(&ectx.ec_stack, 1) == FAIL)
-		    goto failed;
-		copy_tv(STACK_OUT_TV_VAR(iptr->isn_arg.number),
-							      STACK_TV_BOT(0));
-		++ectx.ec_stack.ga_len;
-		break;
-
 	    // load v: variable
 	    case ISN_LOADV:
 		if (GA_GROW(&ectx.ec_stack, 1) == FAIL)
@@ -1614,14 +1735,6 @@ call_def_function(
 		*tv = *STACK_TV_BOT(0);
 		break;
 
-	    // store variable or argument in outer scope
-	    case ISN_STOREOUTER:
-		--ectx.ec_stack.ga_len;
-		tv = STACK_OUT_TV_VAR(iptr->isn_arg.number);
-		clear_tv(tv);
-		*tv = *STACK_TV_BOT(0);
-		break;
-
 	    // store s: variable in old script
 	    case ISN_STORES:
 		{
@@ -1902,6 +2015,43 @@ call_def_function(
 		}
 		break;
 
+	    // load or store variable or argument from outer scope
+	    case ISN_LOADOUTER:
+	    case ISN_STOREOUTER:
+		{
+		    int		depth = iptr->isn_arg.outer.outer_depth;
+		    outer_T	*outer = ectx.ec_outer;
+
+		    while (depth > 1 && outer != NULL)
+		    {
+			outer = outer->out_up;
+			--depth;
+		    }
+		    if (outer == NULL)
+		    {
+			SOURCING_LNUM = iptr->isn_lnum;
+			iemsg("LOADOUTER depth more than scope levels");
+			goto failed;
+		    }
+		    tv = ((typval_T *)outer->out_stack->ga_data)
+				    + outer->out_frame_idx + STACK_FRAME_SIZE
+				    + iptr->isn_arg.outer.outer_idx;
+		    if (iptr->isn_type == ISN_LOADOUTER)
+		    {
+			if (GA_GROW(&ectx.ec_stack, 1) == FAIL)
+			    goto failed;
+			copy_tv(tv, STACK_TV_BOT(0));
+			++ectx.ec_stack.ga_len;
+		    }
+		    else
+		    {
+			--ectx.ec_stack.ga_len;
+			clear_tv(tv);
+			*tv = *STACK_TV_BOT(0);
+		    }
+		}
+		break;
+
 	    // unlet item in list or dict variable
 	    case ISN_UNLETINDEX:
 		{
@@ -2140,7 +2290,7 @@ call_def_function(
 	    // call a :def function
 	    case ISN_DCALL:
 		SOURCING_LNUM = iptr->isn_lnum;
-		if (call_dfunc(iptr->isn_arg.dfunc.cdf_idx,
+		if (call_dfunc(iptr->isn_arg.dfunc.cdf_idx, NULL,
 			      iptr->isn_arg.dfunc.cdf_argcount,
 			      &ectx) == FAIL)
 		    goto on_error;
@@ -2205,6 +2355,16 @@ call_def_function(
 		break;
 
 	    // return from a :def function call
+	    case ISN_RETURN_ZERO:
+		if (GA_GROW(&ectx.ec_stack, 1) == FAIL)
+		    goto failed;
+		tv = STACK_TV_BOT(0);
+		++ectx.ec_stack.ga_len;
+		tv->v_type = VAR_NUMBER;
+		tv->vval.v_number = 0;
+		tv->v_lock = 0;
+		// FALLTHROUGH
+
 	    case ISN_RETURN:
 		{
 		    garray_T	*trystack = &ectx.ec_trystack;
@@ -2613,11 +2773,11 @@ call_def_function(
 		{
 		    typval_T	*tv1 = STACK_TV_BOT(-2);
 		    typval_T	*tv2 = STACK_TV_BOT(-1);
-		    exptype_T	exptype = iptr->isn_arg.op.op_type;
+		    exprtype_T	exprtype = iptr->isn_arg.op.op_type;
 		    int		ic = iptr->isn_arg.op.op_ic;
 
 		    SOURCING_LNUM = iptr->isn_lnum;
-		    typval_compare(tv1, tv2, exptype, ic);
+		    typval_compare(tv1, tv2, exprtype, ic);
 		    clear_tv(tv2);
 		    --ectx.ec_stack.ga_len;
 		}
@@ -3148,11 +3308,13 @@ call_def_function(
 			goto failed;
 		    ++ectx.ec_stack.ga_len;
 		    tv = STACK_TV_BOT(-1);
+		    ea.line2 = 0;
 		    ea.addr_count = 0;
 		    ea.addr_type = ADDR_LINES;
 		    ea.cmd = iptr->isn_arg.string;
+		    ea.skip = FALSE;
 		    if (parse_cmd_address(&ea, &errormsg, FALSE) == FAIL)
-			goto failed;
+			goto on_error;
 		    if (ea.addr_count == 0)
 			tv->vval.v_number = curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
 		    else
@@ -3387,6 +3549,15 @@ failed_early:
     vim_free(ectx.ec_stack.ga_data);
     vim_free(ectx.ec_trystack.ga_data);
 
+    while (ectx.ec_outer != NULL)
+    {
+	outer_T	    *up = ectx.ec_outer->out_up_is_copy
+						? NULL : ectx.ec_outer->out_up;
+
+	vim_free(ectx.ec_outer);
+	ectx.ec_outer = up;
+    }
+
     // Not sure if this is necessary.
     suppress_errthrow = save_suppress_errthrow;
 
@@ -3423,7 +3594,7 @@ ex_disassemble(exarg_T *eap)
     }
     else
 	fname = trans_function_name(&arg, &is_global, FALSE,
-			    TFN_INT | TFN_QUIET | TFN_NO_AUTOLOAD, NULL, NULL);
+		      TFN_INT | TFN_QUIET | TFN_NO_AUTOLOAD, NULL, NULL, NULL);
     if (fname == NULL)
     {
 	semsg(_(e_invarg2), eap->arg);
@@ -3508,17 +3679,27 @@ ex_disassemble(exarg_T *eap)
 					    (varnumber_T)(iptr->isn_arg.number));
 		break;
 	    case ISN_LOAD:
-	    case ISN_LOADOUTER:
 		{
-		    char *add = iptr->isn_type == ISN_LOAD ? "" : "OUTER";
-
 		    if (iptr->isn_arg.number < 0)
-			smsg("%4d LOAD%s arg[%lld]", current, add,
+			smsg("%4d LOAD arg[%lld]", current,
 				(varnumber_T)(iptr->isn_arg.number
 							  + STACK_FRAME_SIZE));
 		    else
-			smsg("%4d LOAD%s $%lld", current, add,
-					    (varnumber_T)(iptr->isn_arg.number));
+			smsg("%4d LOAD $%lld", current,
+					  (varnumber_T)(iptr->isn_arg.number));
+		}
+		break;
+	    case ISN_LOADOUTER:
+		{
+		    if (iptr->isn_arg.number < 0)
+			smsg("%4d LOADOUTER level %d arg[%d]", current,
+				iptr->isn_arg.outer.outer_depth,
+				iptr->isn_arg.outer.outer_idx
+							  + STACK_FRAME_SIZE);
+		    else
+			smsg("%4d LOADOUTER level %d $%d", current,
+					      iptr->isn_arg.outer.outer_depth,
+					      iptr->isn_arg.outer.outer_idx);
 		}
 		break;
 	    case ISN_LOADV:
@@ -3585,16 +3766,22 @@ ex_disassemble(exarg_T *eap)
 		break;
 
 	    case ISN_STORE:
+		if (iptr->isn_arg.number < 0)
+		    smsg("%4d STORE arg[%lld]", current,
+				      iptr->isn_arg.number + STACK_FRAME_SIZE);
+		else
+		    smsg("%4d STORE $%lld", current, iptr->isn_arg.number);
+		break;
 	    case ISN_STOREOUTER:
 		{
-		    char *add = iptr->isn_type == ISN_STORE ? "" : "OUTER";
-
 		if (iptr->isn_arg.number < 0)
-		    smsg("%4d STORE%s arg[%lld]", current, add,
-			 (varnumber_T)(iptr->isn_arg.number + STACK_FRAME_SIZE));
+		    smsg("%4d STOREOUTEr level %d arg[%d]", current,
+			    iptr->isn_arg.outer.outer_depth,
+			    iptr->isn_arg.outer.outer_idx + STACK_FRAME_SIZE);
 		else
-		    smsg("%4d STORE%s $%lld", current, add,
-					    (varnumber_T)(iptr->isn_arg.number));
+		    smsg("%4d STOREOUTER level %d $%d", current,
+			    iptr->isn_arg.outer.outer_depth,
+			    iptr->isn_arg.outer.outer_idx);
 		}
 		break;
 	    case ISN_STOREV:
@@ -3802,6 +3989,9 @@ ex_disassemble(exarg_T *eap)
 	    case ISN_RETURN:
 		smsg("%4d RETURN", current);
 		break;
+	    case ISN_RETURN_ZERO:
+		smsg("%4d RETURN 0", current);
+		break;
 	    case ISN_FUNCREF:
 		{
 		    funcref_T	*funcref = &iptr->isn_arg.funcref;
diff --git a/src/vim9type.c b/src/vim9type.c
index 2344874a33..c65f747483 100644
--- a/src/vim9type.c
+++ b/src/vim9type.c
@@ -527,6 +527,46 @@ check_arg_type(type_T *expected, type_T *actual, int argidx)
     return check_type(expected, actual, TRUE, argidx);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Check that the arguments of "type" match "argvars[argcount]".
+ * Return OK/FAIL.
+ */
+    int
+check_argument_types(type_T *type, typval_T *argvars, int argcount, char_u *name)
+{
+    int	    varargs = (type->tt_flags & TTFLAG_VARARGS) ? 1 : 0;
+    int	    i;
+
+    if (type->tt_type != VAR_FUNC && type->tt_type != VAR_PARTIAL)
+	return OK;  // just in case
+    if (argcount < type->tt_min_argcount - varargs)
+    {
+	semsg(_(e_toofewarg), name);
+	return FAIL;
+    }
+    if (!varargs && type->tt_argcount >= 0 && argcount > type->tt_argcount)
+    {
+	semsg(_(e_toomanyarg), name);
+	return FAIL;
+    }
+    if (type->tt_args == NULL)
+	return OK;  // cannot check
+
+
+    for (i = 0; i < argcount; ++i)
+    {
+	type_T	*expected;
+
+	if (varargs && i >= type->tt_argcount - 1)
+	    expected = type->tt_args[type->tt_argcount - 1]->tt_member;
+	else
+	    expected = type->tt_args[i];
+	if (check_typval_type(expected, &argvars[i], i + 1) == FAIL)
+	    return FAIL;
+    }
+    return OK;
+}
+
 /*
  * Skip over a type definition and return a pointer to just after it.
  * When "optional" is TRUE then a leading "?" is accepted.