Files
swift-composable-architectu…/Sources/ComposableArchitecture/Store.swift
2023-06-28 16:36:43 +00:00

774 lines
28 KiB
Swift

import Combine
import Foundation
/// A store represents the runtime that powers the application. It is the object that you will pass
/// around to views that need to interact with the application.
///
/// You will typically construct a single one of these at the root of your application:
///
/// ```swift
/// @main
/// struct MyApp: App {
/// var body: some Scene {
/// WindowGroup {
/// RootView(
/// store: Store(initialState: AppFeature.State()) {
/// AppFeature()
/// }
/// )
/// }
/// }
/// }
/// ```
///
/// and then use the ``scope(state:action:)-9iai9`` method to derive more focused stores that can be
/// passed to subviews.
///
/// ### Scoping
///
/// The most important operation defined on ``Store`` is the ``scope(state:action:)-9iai9`` method, which
/// allows you to transform a store into one that deals with child state and actions. This is
/// necessary for passing stores to subviews that only care about a small portion of the entire
/// application's domain.
///
/// For example, if an application has a tab view at its root with tabs for activity, search, and
/// profile, then we can model the domain like this:
///
/// ```swift
/// struct State {
/// var activity: Activity.State
/// var profile: Profile.State
/// var search: Search.State
/// }
///
/// enum Action {
/// case activity(Activity.Action)
/// case profile(Profile.Action)
/// case search(Search.Action)
/// }
/// ```
///
/// We can construct a view for each of these domains by applying ``scope(state:action:)-9iai9`` to a
/// store that holds onto the full app domain in order to transform it into a store for each
/// sub-domain:
///
/// ```swift
/// struct AppView: View {
/// let store: StoreOf<AppFeature>
///
/// var body: some View {
/// TabView {
/// ActivityView(
/// store: self.store.scope(state: \.activity, action: AppFeature.Action.activity)
/// )
/// .tabItem { Text("Activity") }
///
/// SearchView(
/// store: self.store.scope(state: \.search, action: AppFeature.Action.search)
/// )
/// .tabItem { Text("Search") }
///
/// ProfileView(
/// store: self.store.scope(state: \.profile, action: AppFeature.Action.profile)
/// )
/// .tabItem { Text("Profile") }
/// }
/// }
/// }
/// ```
///
/// ### Thread safety
///
/// The `Store` class is not thread-safe, and so all interactions with an instance of ``Store``
/// (including all of its scopes and derived ``ViewStore``s) must be done on the same thread the
/// store was created on. Further, if the store is powering a SwiftUI or UIKit view, as is
/// customary, then all interactions must be done on the _main_ thread.
///
/// The reason stores are not thread-safe is due to the fact that when an action is sent to a store,
/// a reducer is run on the current state, and this process cannot be done from multiple threads.
/// It is possible to make this process thread-safe by introducing locks or queues, but this
/// introduces new complications:
///
/// * If done simply with `DispatchQueue.main.async` you will incur a thread hop even when you are
/// already on the main thread. This can lead to unexpected behavior in UIKit and SwiftUI, where
/// sometimes you are required to do work synchronously, such as in animation blocks.
///
/// * It is possible to create a scheduler that performs its work immediately when on the main
/// thread and otherwise uses `DispatchQueue.main.async` (_e.g._, see Combine Schedulers'
/// [UIScheduler][uischeduler]).
///
/// This introduces a lot more complexity, and should probably not be adopted without having a very
/// good reason.
///
/// This is why we require all actions be sent from the same thread. This requirement is in the same
/// spirit of how `URLSession` and other Apple APIs are designed. Those APIs tend to deliver their
/// outputs on whatever thread is most convenient for them, and then it is your responsibility to
/// dispatch back to the main queue if that's what you need. The Composable Architecture makes you
/// responsible for making sure to send actions on the main thread. If you are using an effect that
/// may deliver its output on a non-main thread, you must explicitly perform `.receive(on:)` in
/// order to force it back on the main thread.
///
/// This approach makes the fewest number of assumptions about how effects are created and
/// transformed, and prevents unnecessary thread hops and re-dispatching. It also provides some
/// testing benefits. If your effects are not responsible for their own scheduling, then in tests
/// all of the effects would run synchronously and immediately. You would not be able to test how
/// multiple in-flight effects interleave with each other and affect the state of your application.
/// However, by leaving scheduling out of the ``Store`` we get to test these aspects of our effects
/// if we so desire, or we can ignore if we prefer. We have that flexibility.
///
/// [uischeduler]: https://github.com/pointfreeco/combine-schedulers/blob/main/Sources/CombineSchedulers/UIScheduler.swift
///
/// #### Thread safety checks
///
/// The store performs some basic thread safety checks in order to help catch mistakes. Stores
/// constructed via the initializer ``init(initialState:reducer:prepareDependencies:)`` are assumed
/// to run only on the main thread, and so a check is executed immediately to make sure that is the
/// case. Further, all actions sent to the store and all scopes (see ``scope(state:action:)-9iai9``) of
/// the store are also checked to make sure that work is performed on the main thread.
public final class Store<State, Action> {
private var bufferedActions: [Action] = []
@_spi(Internals) public var effectCancellables: [UUID: AnyCancellable] = [:]
var _isInvalidated = { false }
private var isSending = false
var parentCancellable: AnyCancellable?
private let reducer: any ReducerProtocol<State, Action>
@_spi(Internals) public var state: CurrentValueSubject<State, Never>
#if DEBUG
private let mainThreadChecksEnabled: Bool
#endif
/// Initializes a store from an initial state and a reducer.
///
/// - Parameters:
/// - initialState: The state to start the application in.
/// - reducer: The reducer that powers the business logic of the application.
/// - prepareDependencies: A closure that can be used to override dependencies that will be accessed
/// by the reducer.
public convenience init<R: ReducerProtocol>(
initialState: @autoclosure () -> R.State,
@ReducerBuilder<State, Action> reducer: () -> R,
withDependencies prepareDependencies: ((inout DependencyValues) -> Void)? = nil
) where R.State == State, R.Action == Action {
if let prepareDependencies = prepareDependencies {
let (initialState, reducer) = withDependencies(prepareDependencies) {
(initialState(), reducer())
}
self.init(
initialState: initialState,
reducer: reducer.transformDependency(\.self, transform: prepareDependencies),
mainThreadChecksEnabled: true
)
} else {
self.init(
initialState: initialState(),
reducer: reducer(),
mainThreadChecksEnabled: true
)
}
}
/// Calls the given closure with the current state of the store.
///
/// A lightweight way of accessing store state when no view store is available and state does not
/// need to be observed, _e.g._ by a SwiftUI view. If a view store is available, prefer
/// ``ViewStore/state-swift.property``.
///
/// - Parameter body: A closure that takes the current state of the store as its sole argument. If
/// the closure has a return value, that value is also used as the return value of the
/// `withState` method. The state argument reflects the current state of the store only for the
/// duration of the closure's execution, and is not observable over time, _e.g._ by SwiftUI. If
/// you want to observe store state in a view, use a ``ViewStore`` instead.
/// - Returns: The return value, if any, of the `body` closure.
public func withState<R>(_ body: (State) -> R) -> R {
body(self.state.value)
}
/// Sends an action to the store.
///
/// A lightweight way to send actions to the store when no view store is available. If a view
/// store is available, prefer ``ViewStore/send(_:)``.
///
/// - Parameter action: An action.
public func send(_ action: Action) {
_ = self.send(action, originatingFrom: nil)
}
/// Scopes the store to one that exposes child state and actions.
///
/// This can be useful for deriving new stores to hand to child views in an application. For
/// example:
///
/// ```swift
/// // Application state made from child states.
/// struct AppFeature: ReducerProtocol {
/// struct State {
/// var login: Login.State
/// // ...
/// }
/// enum Action {
/// case login(Login.Action)
/// // ...
/// }
///
/// // A store that runs the entire application.
/// let store = Store(initialState: AppFeature.State()) {
/// AppFeature()
/// }
///
/// // Construct a login view by scoping the store
/// // to one that works with only login domain.
/// LoginView(
/// store: store.scope(
/// state: \.login,
/// action: AppFeature.Action.login
/// )
/// )
/// ```
///
/// Scoping in this fashion allows you to better modularize your application. In this case,
/// `LoginView` could be extracted to a module that has no access to `AppFeature.State` or
/// `AppFeature.Action`.
///
/// Scoping also gives a view the opportunity to focus on just the state and actions it cares
/// about, even if its feature domain is larger.
///
/// For example, the above login domain could model a two screen login flow: a login form followed
/// by a two-factor authentication screen. The second screen's domain might be nested in the
/// first:
///
/// ```swift
/// struct Login: ReducerProtocol {
/// struct State: Equatable {
/// var email = ""
/// var password = ""
/// var twoFactorAuth: TwoFactorAuthState?
/// }
/// enum Action: Equatable {
/// case emailChanged(String)
/// case loginButtonTapped
/// case loginResponse(Result<TwoFactorAuthState, LoginError>)
/// case passwordChanged(String)
/// case twoFactorAuth(TwoFactorAuthAction)
/// }
/// // ...
/// }
/// ```
///
/// The login view holds onto a store of this domain:
///
/// ```swift
/// struct LoginView: View {
/// let store: StoreOf<Login>
///
/// var body: some View { /* ... */ }
/// }
/// ```
///
/// If its body were to use a view store of the same domain, this would introduce a number of
/// problems:
///
/// * The login view would be able to read from `twoFactorAuth` state. This state is only intended
/// to be read from the two-factor auth screen.
///
/// * Even worse, changes to `twoFactorAuth` state would now cause SwiftUI to recompute
/// `LoginView`'s body unnecessarily.
///
/// * The login view would be able to send `twoFactorAuth` actions. These actions are only
/// intended to be sent from the two-factor auth screen (and reducer).
///
/// * The login view would be able to send non user-facing login actions, like `loginResponse`.
/// These actions are only intended to be used in the login reducer to feed the results of
/// effects back into the store.
///
/// To avoid these issues, one can introduce a view-specific domain that slices off the subset of
/// state and actions that a view cares about:
///
/// ```swift
/// extension LoginView {
/// struct ViewState: Equatable {
/// var email: String
/// var password: String
/// }
///
/// enum ViewAction: Equatable {
/// case emailChanged(String)
/// case loginButtonTapped
/// case passwordChanged(String)
/// }
/// }
/// ```
///
/// One can also introduce a couple helpers that transform feature state into view state and
/// transform view actions into feature actions.
///
/// ```swift
/// extension Login.State {
/// var view: LoginView.ViewState {
/// .init(email: self.email, password: self.password)
/// }
/// }
///
/// extension LoginView.ViewAction {
/// var feature: Login.Action {
/// switch self {
/// case let .emailChanged(email)
/// return .emailChanged(email)
/// case .loginButtonTapped:
/// return .loginButtonTapped
/// case let .passwordChanged(password)
/// return .passwordChanged(password)
/// }
/// }
/// }
/// ```
///
/// With these helpers defined, `LoginView` can now scope its store's feature domain into its view
/// domain:
///
/// ```swift
/// var body: some View {
/// WithViewStore(
/// self.store, observe: \.view, send: \.feature
/// ) { viewStore in
/// // ...
/// }
/// }
/// ```
///
/// This view store is now incapable of reading any state but view state (and will not recompute
/// when non-view state changes), and is incapable of sending any actions but view actions.
///
/// - Parameters:
/// - toChildState: A function that transforms `State` into `ChildState`.
/// - fromChildAction: A function that transforms `ChildAction` into `Action`.
/// - Returns: A new store with its domain (state and action) transformed.
public func scope<ChildState, ChildAction>(
state toChildState: @escaping (State) -> ChildState,
action fromChildAction: @escaping (ChildAction) -> Action
) -> Store<ChildState, ChildAction> {
self.scope(state: toChildState, action: fromChildAction, removeDuplicates: nil)
}
/// Scopes the store to one that exposes child state and actions.
///
/// This is a special overload of ``scope(state:action:)-9iai9`` that works specifically for
/// ``PresentationState`` and ``PresentationAction``.
///
/// - Parameters:
/// - toChildState: A function that transforms `State` into ``PresentationState``.
/// - fromChildAction: A function that transforms ``PresentationAction`` into `Action`.
/// - Returns: A new store with its domain (state and action) transformed.
public func scope<ChildState, ChildAction>(
state toChildState: @escaping (State) -> PresentationState<ChildState>,
action fromChildAction: @escaping (PresentationAction<ChildAction>) -> Action
) -> Store<PresentationState<ChildState>, PresentationAction<ChildAction>> {
self.scope(
state: toChildState,
action: fromChildAction,
removeDuplicates: {
$0.sharesStorage(with: $1)
}
)
}
func scope<ChildState, ChildAction>(
state toChildState: @escaping (State) -> ChildState,
action fromChildAction: @escaping (ChildAction) -> Action,
removeDuplicates isDuplicate: ((ChildState, ChildState) -> Bool)?
) -> Store<ChildState, ChildAction> {
self.threadCheck(status: .scope)
return self.reducer.rescope(
self,
state: toChildState,
action: { fromChildAction($1) },
removeDuplicates: isDuplicate
)
}
func invalidate(_ isInvalid: @escaping (State) -> Bool) -> Store {
self.threadCheck(status: .scope)
let store: Store = self.reducer.rescope(
self,
state: { $0 },
action: { state, action in isInvalid(state) && BindingLocal.isActive ? nil : action },
removeDuplicates: { isInvalid($0) && isInvalid($1) }
)
store._isInvalidated = { self._isInvalidated() || isInvalid(self.state.value) }
return store
}
@_spi(Internals)
public func send(
_ action: Action,
originatingFrom originatingAction: Action?
) -> Task<Void, Never>? {
self.threadCheck(status: .send(action, originatingAction: originatingAction))
self.bufferedActions.append(action)
guard !self.isSending else { return nil }
self.isSending = true
var currentState = self.state.value
let tasks = Box<[Task<Void, Never>]>(wrappedValue: [])
defer {
withExtendedLifetime(self.bufferedActions) {
self.bufferedActions.removeAll()
}
self.state.value = currentState
self.isSending = false
if !self.bufferedActions.isEmpty {
if let task = self.send(
self.bufferedActions.removeLast(), originatingFrom: originatingAction
) {
tasks.wrappedValue.append(task)
}
}
}
var index = self.bufferedActions.startIndex
while index < self.bufferedActions.endIndex {
defer { index += 1 }
let action = self.bufferedActions[index]
let effect = self.reducer.reduce(into: &currentState, action: action)
switch effect.operation {
case .none:
break
case let .publisher(publisher):
var didComplete = false
let boxedTask = Box<Task<Void, Never>?>(wrappedValue: nil)
let uuid = UUID()
let effectCancellable = withEscapedDependencies { continuation in
publisher
.handleEvents(
receiveCancel: { [weak self] in
self?.threadCheck(status: .effectCompletion(action))
self?.effectCancellables[uuid] = nil
}
)
.sink(
receiveCompletion: { [weak self] _ in
self?.threadCheck(status: .effectCompletion(action))
boxedTask.wrappedValue?.cancel()
didComplete = true
self?.effectCancellables[uuid] = nil
},
receiveValue: { [weak self] effectAction in
guard let self = self else { return }
if let task = continuation.yield({
self.send(effectAction, originatingFrom: action)
}) {
tasks.wrappedValue.append(task)
}
}
)
}
if !didComplete {
let task = Task<Void, Never> { @MainActor in
for await _ in AsyncStream<Void>.never {}
effectCancellable.cancel()
}
boxedTask.wrappedValue = task
tasks.wrappedValue.append(task)
self.effectCancellables[uuid] = effectCancellable
}
case let .run(priority, operation):
withEscapedDependencies { continuation in
tasks.wrappedValue.append(
Task(priority: priority) { @MainActor in
#if DEBUG
let isCompleted = LockIsolated(false)
defer { isCompleted.setValue(true) }
#endif
await operation(
Send { effectAction in
#if DEBUG
if isCompleted.value {
runtimeWarn(
"""
An action was sent from a completed effect:
Action:
\(debugCaseOutput(effectAction))
Effect returned from:
\(debugCaseOutput(action))
Avoid sending actions using the 'send' argument from 'EffectTask.run' after \
the effect has completed. This can happen if you escape the 'send' argument in \
an unstructured context.
To fix this, make sure that your 'run' closure does not return until you're \
done calling 'send'.
"""
)
}
#endif
if let task = continuation.yield({
self.send(effectAction, originatingFrom: action)
}) {
tasks.wrappedValue.append(task)
}
}
)
}
)
}
}
}
guard !tasks.wrappedValue.isEmpty else { return nil }
return Task {
await withTaskCancellationHandler {
var index = tasks.wrappedValue.startIndex
while index < tasks.wrappedValue.endIndex {
defer { index += 1 }
await tasks.wrappedValue[index].value
}
} onCancel: {
var index = tasks.wrappedValue.startIndex
while index < tasks.wrappedValue.endIndex {
defer { index += 1 }
tasks.wrappedValue[index].cancel()
}
}
}
}
/// Returns a "stateless" store by erasing state to `Void`.
public var stateless: Store<Void, Action> {
self.scope(state: { _ in () }, action: { $0 })
}
/// Returns an "actionless" store by erasing action to `Never`.
public var actionless: Store<State, Never> {
func absurd<A>(_ never: Never) -> A {}
return self.scope(state: { $0 }, action: absurd)
}
private enum ThreadCheckStatus {
case effectCompletion(Action)
case `init`
case scope
case send(Action, originatingAction: Action?)
}
@inline(__always)
private func threadCheck(status: ThreadCheckStatus) {
#if DEBUG
guard self.mainThreadChecksEnabled && !Thread.isMainThread
else { return }
switch status {
case let .effectCompletion(action):
runtimeWarn(
"""
An effect completed on a non-main thread. …
Effect returned from:
\(debugCaseOutput(action))
Make sure to use ".receive(on:)" on any effects that execute on background threads to \
receive their output on the main thread.
The "Store" class is not thread-safe, and so all interactions with an instance of \
"Store" (including all of its scopes and derived view stores) must be done on the main \
thread.
"""
)
case .`init`:
runtimeWarn(
"""
A store initialized on a non-main thread. …
The "Store" class is not thread-safe, and so all interactions with an instance of \
"Store" (including all of its scopes and derived view stores) must be done on the main \
thread.
"""
)
case .scope:
runtimeWarn(
"""
"Store.scope" was called on a non-main thread. …
The "Store" class is not thread-safe, and so all interactions with an instance of \
"Store" (including all of its scopes and derived view stores) must be done on the main \
thread.
"""
)
case let .send(action, originatingAction: nil):
runtimeWarn(
"""
"ViewStore.send" was called on a non-main thread with: \(debugCaseOutput(action))
The "Store" class is not thread-safe, and so all interactions with an instance of \
"Store" (including all of its scopes and derived view stores) must be done on the main \
thread.
"""
)
case let .send(action, originatingAction: .some(originatingAction)):
runtimeWarn(
"""
An effect published an action on a non-main thread. …
Effect published:
\(debugCaseOutput(action))
Effect returned from:
\(debugCaseOutput(originatingAction))
Make sure to use ".receive(on:)" on any effects that execute on background threads to \
receive their output on the main thread.
The "Store" class is not thread-safe, and so all interactions with an instance of \
"Store" (including all of its scopes and derived view stores) must be done on the main \
thread.
"""
)
}
#endif
}
init<R: ReducerProtocol>(
initialState: R.State,
reducer: R,
mainThreadChecksEnabled: Bool
) where R.State == State, R.Action == Action {
self.state = CurrentValueSubject(initialState)
self.reducer = reducer
#if DEBUG
self.mainThreadChecksEnabled = mainThreadChecksEnabled
#endif
self.threadCheck(status: .`init`)
}
}
/// A convenience type alias for referring to a store of a given reducer's domain.
///
/// Instead of specifying two generics:
///
/// ```swift
/// let store: Store<Feature.State, Feature.Action>
/// ```
///
/// You can specify a single generic:
///
/// ```swift
/// let store: StoreOf<Feature>
/// ```
public typealias StoreOf<R: ReducerProtocol> = Store<R.State, R.Action>
extension ReducerProtocol {
fileprivate func rescope<ChildState, ChildAction>(
_ store: Store<State, Action>,
state toChildState: @escaping (State) -> ChildState,
action fromChildAction: @escaping (ChildState, ChildAction) -> Action?,
removeDuplicates isDuplicate: ((ChildState, ChildState) -> Bool)?
) -> Store<ChildState, ChildAction> {
(self as? any AnyScopedReducer ?? ScopedReducer(rootStore: store)).rescope(
store,
state: toChildState,
action: fromChildAction,
removeDuplicates: isDuplicate
)
}
}
private final class ScopedReducer<
RootState, RootAction, State, Action
>: ReducerProtocol {
let rootStore: Store<RootState, RootAction>
let toScopedState: (RootState) -> State
private let parentStores: [Any]
let fromScopedAction: (State, Action) -> RootAction?
private(set) var isSending = false
@inlinable
init(rootStore: Store<RootState, RootAction>)
where RootState == State, RootAction == Action {
self.rootStore = rootStore
self.toScopedState = { $0 }
self.parentStores = []
self.fromScopedAction = { $1 }
}
@inlinable
init(
rootStore: Store<RootState, RootAction>,
state toScopedState: @escaping (RootState) -> State,
action fromScopedAction: @escaping (State, Action) -> RootAction?,
parentStores: [Any]
) {
self.rootStore = rootStore
self.toScopedState = toScopedState
self.fromScopedAction = fromScopedAction
self.parentStores = parentStores
}
@inlinable
func reduce(
into state: inout State, action: Action
) -> EffectTask<Action> {
self.isSending = true
defer {
state = self.toScopedState(self.rootStore.state.value)
self.isSending = false
}
if let action = self.fromScopedAction(state, action),
let task = self.rootStore.send(action, originatingFrom: nil)
{
return .run { _ in await task.cancellableValue }
} else {
return .none
}
}
}
protocol AnyScopedReducer {
func rescope<ScopedState, ScopedAction, RescopedState, RescopedAction>(
_ store: Store<ScopedState, ScopedAction>,
state toRescopedState: @escaping (ScopedState) -> RescopedState,
action fromRescopedAction: @escaping (RescopedState, RescopedAction) -> ScopedAction?,
removeDuplicates isDuplicate: ((RescopedState, RescopedState) -> Bool)?
) -> Store<RescopedState, RescopedAction>
}
extension ScopedReducer: AnyScopedReducer {
@inlinable
func rescope<ScopedState, ScopedAction, RescopedState, RescopedAction>(
_ store: Store<ScopedState, ScopedAction>,
state toRescopedState: @escaping (ScopedState) -> RescopedState,
action fromRescopedAction: @escaping (RescopedState, RescopedAction) -> ScopedAction?,
removeDuplicates isDuplicate: ((RescopedState, RescopedState) -> Bool)?
) -> Store<RescopedState, RescopedAction> {
let fromScopedAction = self.fromScopedAction as! (ScopedState, ScopedAction) -> RootAction?
let reducer = ScopedReducer<RootState, RootAction, RescopedState, RescopedAction>(
rootStore: self.rootStore,
state: { _ in toRescopedState(store.state.value) },
action: { fromRescopedAction($0, $1).flatMap { fromScopedAction(store.state.value, $0) } },
parentStores: self.parentStores + [store]
)
let childStore = Store<RescopedState, RescopedAction>(
initialState: toRescopedState(store.state.value),
reducer: reducer
)
childStore._isInvalidated = store._isInvalidated
childStore.parentCancellable = store.state
.dropFirst()
.sink { [weak childStore] newValue in
guard !reducer.isSending, let childStore = childStore else { return }
let newValue = toRescopedState(newValue)
guard isDuplicate.map({ !$0(childStore.state.value, newValue) }) ?? true else {
return
}
childStore.state.value = newValue
}
return childStore
}
}