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swift-composable-architectu…/Sources/ComposableArchitecture/TestSupport/TestStore.swift
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#if DEBUG
import Combine
import Foundation
/// A testable runtime for a reducer.
///
/// This object aids in writing expressive and exhaustive tests for features built in the
/// Composable Architecture. It allows you to send a sequence of actions to the store, and each
/// step of the way you must assert exactly how state changed, and how effect emissions were fed
/// back into the system.
///
/// There are multiple ways the test store forces you to exhaustively assert on how your feature
/// behaves:
///
/// * After each action is sent you must describe precisely how the state changed from before the
/// action was sent to after it was sent.
///
/// If even the smallest piece of data differs the test will fail. This guarantees that you are
/// proving you know precisely how the state of the system changes.
///
/// * Sending an action can sometimes cause an effect to be executed, and if that effect emits an
/// action that is fed back into the system, you **must** explicitly assert that you expect to
/// receive that action from the effect, _and_ you must assert how state changed as a result.
///
/// If you try to send another action before you have handled all effect emissions the assertion
/// will fail. This guarantees that you do not accidentally forget about an effect emission, and
/// that the sequence of steps you are describing will mimic how the application behaves in
/// reality.
///
/// * All effects must complete by the time the assertion has finished running the steps you
/// specify.
///
/// If at the end of the assertion there is still an in-flight effect running, the assertion
/// will fail. This helps exhaustively prove that you know what effects are in flight and forces
/// you to prove that effects will not cause any future changes to your state.
///
/// For example, given a simple counter reducer:
///
/// struct CounterState {
/// var count = 0
/// }
///
/// enum CounterAction: Equatable {
/// case decrementButtonTapped
/// case incrementButtonTapped
/// }
///
/// let counterReducer = Reducer<CounterState, CounterAction, Void> { state, action, _ in
/// switch action {
/// case .decrementButtonTapped:
/// state.count -= 1
/// return .none
///
/// case .incrementButtonTapped:
/// state.count += 1
/// return .none
/// }
/// }
///
/// One can assert against its behavior over time:
///
/// class CounterTests: XCTestCase {
/// func testCounter() {
/// let store = TestStore(
/// initialState: .init(count: 0), // GIVEN counter state of 0
/// reducer: counterReducer,
/// environment: ()
/// )
///
/// store.assert(
/// .send(.incrementButtonTapped) { // WHEN the increment button is tapped
/// $0.count = 1 // THEN the count should be 1
/// }
/// )
/// }
/// }
///
/// Note that in the trailing closure of `.send(.incrementButtonTapped)` we are given a single
/// mutable value of the state before the action was sent, and it is our job to mutate the value
/// to match the state after the action was sent. In this case the `count` field changes to `1`.
///
/// For a more complex example, consider the following bare-bones search feature that uses the
/// `.debounce` operator to wait for the user to stop typing before making a network request:
///
/// struct SearchState: Equatable {
/// var query = ""
/// var results: [String] = []
/// }
///
/// enum SearchAction: Equatable {
/// case queryChanged(String)
/// case response([String])
/// }
///
/// struct SearchEnvironment {
/// var mainQueue: AnySchedulerOf<DispatchQueue>
/// var request: (String) -> Effect<[String], Never>
/// }
///
/// let searchReducer = Reducer<SearchState, SearchAction, SearchEnvironment> {
/// state, action, environment in
///
/// struct SearchId: Hashable {}
///
/// switch action {
/// case let .queryChanged(query):
/// state.query = query
/// return environment.request(self.query)
/// .debounce(id: SearchId(), for: 0.5, scheduler: environment.mainQueue)
///
/// case let .response(results):
/// state.results = results
/// return .none
/// }
/// }
///
/// It can be fully tested by controlling the environment's scheduler and effect:
///
/// // Create a test dispatch scheduler to control the timing of effects
/// let scheduler = DispatchQueue.testScheduler
///
/// let store = TestStore(
/// initialState: SearchState(),
/// reducer: searchReducer,
/// environment: SearchEnvironment(
/// // Wrap the test scheduler in a type-erased scheduler
/// mainQueue: scheduler.eraseToAnyScheduler(),
/// // Simulate a search response with one item
/// request: { _ in Effect(value: ["Composable Architecture"]) }
/// )
/// )
/// store.assert(
/// // Change the query
/// .send(.searchFieldChanged("c") {
/// // Assert that state updates accordingly
/// $0.query = "c"
/// },
///
/// // Advance the scheduler by a period shorter than the debounce
/// .do { scheduler.advance(by: 0.25) },
///
/// // Change the query again
/// .send(.searchFieldChanged("co") {
/// $0.query = "co"
/// },
///
/// // Advance the scheduler by a period shorter than the debounce
/// .do { scheduler.advance(by: 0.25) },
/// // Advance the scheduler to the debounce
/// .do { scheduler.advance(by: 0.25) },
///
/// // Assert that the expected response is received
/// .receive(.response(["Composable Architecture"])) {
/// // Assert that state updates accordingly
/// $0.results = ["Composable Architecture"]
/// }
/// )
///
/// This test is proving that the debounced network requests are correctly canceled when we do not
/// wait longer than the 0.5 seconds, because if it wasn't and it delivered an action when we did
/// not expect it would cause a test failure.
///
public final class TestStore<State, LocalState, Action: Equatable, LocalAction, Environment> {
private var environment: Environment
private let fromLocalAction: (LocalAction) -> Action
private let reducer: Reducer<State, Action, Environment>
private var state: State
private let toLocalState: (State) -> LocalState
private init(
environment: Environment,
fromLocalAction: @escaping (LocalAction) -> Action,
initialState: State,
reducer: Reducer<State, Action, Environment>,
toLocalState: @escaping (State) -> LocalState
) {
self.environment = environment
self.fromLocalAction = fromLocalAction
self.state = initialState
self.reducer = reducer
self.toLocalState = toLocalState
}
}
extension TestStore where State == LocalState, Action == LocalAction {
/// Initializes a test store from an initial state, a reducer, and an initial environment.
///
/// - Parameters:
/// - initialState: The state to start the test from.
/// - reducer: A reducer.
/// - environment: The environment to start the test from.
public convenience init(
initialState: State,
reducer: Reducer<State, Action, Environment>,
environment: Environment
) {
self.init(
environment: environment,
fromLocalAction: { $0 },
initialState: initialState,
reducer: reducer,
toLocalState: { $0 }
)
}
}
extension TestStore where LocalState: Equatable {
/// Asserts against a script of actions.
public func assert(
_ steps: Step...,
file: StaticString = #file,
line: UInt = #line
) {
assert(steps, file: file, line: line)
}
/// Asserts against an array of actions.
public func assert(
_ steps: [Step],
file: StaticString = #file,
line: UInt = #line
) {
var receivedActions: [(action: Action, state: State)] = []
var longLivingEffects: [String: Set<UUID>] = [:]
var snapshotState = self.state
let store = Store(
initialState: self.state,
reducer: Reducer<State, TestAction, Void> { state, action, _ in
let effects: Effect<Action, Never>
switch action {
case let .send(localAction):
effects = self.reducer.run(&state, self.fromLocalAction(localAction), self.environment)
snapshotState = state
case let .receive(action):
effects = self.reducer.run(&state, action, self.environment)
receivedActions.append((action, state))
}
let key = debugCaseOutput(action)
let id = UUID()
return
effects
.handleEvents(
receiveSubscription: { _ in longLivingEffects[key, default: []].insert(id) },
receiveCompletion: { _ in longLivingEffects[key]?.remove(id) },
receiveCancel: { longLivingEffects[key]?.remove(id) }
)
.map(TestAction.receive)
.eraseToEffect()
},
environment: ()
)
defer { self.state = store.state.value }
let viewStore = ViewStore(
store.scope(state: self.toLocalState, action: TestAction.send)
)
for step in steps {
var expectedState = toLocalState(snapshotState)
func expectedStateShouldMatch(actualState: LocalState) {
if expectedState != actualState {
let diff =
debugDiff(expectedState, actualState)
.map { "\($0.indent(by: 4))\n\n(Expected: , Actual: +)" }
?? """
Expected:
\(String(describing: expectedState).indent(by: 2))
Actual:
\(String(describing: actualState).indent(by: 2))
"""
_XCTFail(
"""
State change does not match expectation: …
\(diff)
""",
file: step.file,
line: step.line
)
}
}
switch step.type {
case let .send(action, update):
if !receivedActions.isEmpty {
_XCTFail(
"""
Must handle \(receivedActions.count) received \
action\(receivedActions.count == 1 ? "" : "s") before sending an action: …
Unhandled actions: \(debugOutput(receivedActions.map { $0.action }))
""",
file: step.file, line: step.line
)
}
viewStore.send(action)
do {
try update(&expectedState)
} catch {
_XCTFail("Threw error: \(error)", file: step.file, line: step.line)
}
expectedStateShouldMatch(actualState: toLocalState(snapshotState))
case let .receive(expectedAction, update):
guard !receivedActions.isEmpty else {
_XCTFail(
"""
Expected to receive an action, but received none.
""",
file: step.file, line: step.line
)
break
}
let (receivedAction, state) = receivedActions.removeFirst()
if expectedAction != receivedAction {
let diff =
debugDiff(expectedAction, receivedAction)
.map { "\($0.indent(by: 4))\n\n(Expected: , Received: +)" }
?? """
Expected:
\(String(describing: expectedAction).indent(by: 2))
Received:
\(String(describing: receivedAction).indent(by: 2))
"""
_XCTFail(
"""
Received unexpected action: …
\(diff)
""",
file: step.file, line: step.line
)
}
do {
try update(&expectedState)
} catch {
_XCTFail("Threw error: \(error)", file: step.file, line: step.line)
}
expectedStateShouldMatch(actualState: toLocalState(state))
snapshotState = state
case let .environment(work):
if !receivedActions.isEmpty {
_XCTFail(
"""
Must handle \(receivedActions.count) received \
action\(receivedActions.count == 1 ? "" : "s") before performing this work: …
Unhandled actions: \(debugOutput(receivedActions.map { $0.action }))
""",
file: step.file, line: step.line
)
}
do {
try work(&self.environment)
} catch {
_XCTFail("Threw error: \(error)", file: step.file, line: step.line)
}
case let .do(work):
if !receivedActions.isEmpty {
_XCTFail(
"""
Must handle \(receivedActions.count) received \
action\(receivedActions.count == 1 ? "" : "s") before performing this work: …
Unhandled actions: \(debugOutput(receivedActions.map { $0.action }))
""",
file: step.file, line: step.line
)
}
do {
try work()
} catch {
_XCTFail("Threw error: \(error)", file: step.file, line: step.line)
}
}
}
if !receivedActions.isEmpty {
_XCTFail(
"""
Received \(receivedActions.count) unexpected \
action\(receivedActions.count == 1 ? "" : "s"): …
Unhandled actions: \(debugOutput(receivedActions.map { $0.action }))
""",
file: file, line: line
)
}
let unfinishedActions = longLivingEffects.filter { !$0.value.isEmpty }.map { $0.key }
if unfinishedActions.count > 0 {
let initiatingActions = unfinishedActions.map { "\($0)" }.joined(separator: "\n")
let pluralSuffix = unfinishedActions.count == 1 ? "" : "s"
_XCTFail(
"""
Some effects are still running. All effects must complete by the end of the assertion.
The effects that are still running were started by the following action\(pluralSuffix):
\(initiatingActions)
To fix you need to inspect the effects returned from the above action\(pluralSuffix) and \
make sure that all of them are completed by the end of your assertion. There are a few \
reasons why your effects may not have completed:
• If you are using a scheduler in your effect, then make sure that you wait enough time \
for the effect to finish. If you are using a test scheduler, then make sure you advance \
the scheduler so that the effects complete.
• If you are using long-living effects (for example timers, notifications, etc.), then \
ensure those effects are completed by returning an `Effect.cancel` effect from a \
particular action in your reducer, and sending that action in the test.
""",
file: file, line: line
)
}
}
}
extension TestStore {
/// Scopes a store to assert against more local state and actions.
///
/// Useful for testing view store-specific state and actions.
///
/// - Parameters:
/// - toLocalState: A function that transforms the reducer's state into more local state. This
/// state will be asserted against as it is mutated by the reducer. Useful for testing view
/// store state transformations.
/// - fromLocalAction: A function that wraps a more local action in the reducer's action.
/// Local actions can be "sent" to the store, while any reducer action may be received.
/// Useful for testing view store action transformations.
public func scope<S, A>(
state toLocalState: @escaping (LocalState) -> S,
action fromLocalAction: @escaping (A) -> LocalAction
) -> TestStore<State, S, Action, A, Environment> {
.init(
environment: self.environment,
fromLocalAction: { self.fromLocalAction(fromLocalAction($0)) },
initialState: self.state,
reducer: self.reducer,
toLocalState: { toLocalState(self.toLocalState($0)) }
)
}
/// Scopes a store to assert against more local state.
///
/// Useful for testing view store-specific state.
///
/// - Parameter toLocalState: A function that transforms the reducer's state into more local
/// state. This state will be asserted against as it is mutated by the reducer. Useful for
/// testing view store state transformations.
public func scope<S>(
state toLocalState: @escaping (LocalState) -> S
) -> TestStore<State, S, Action, LocalAction, Environment> {
self.scope(state: toLocalState, action: { $0 })
}
/// A single step of a `TestStore` assertion.
public struct Step {
fileprivate let type: StepType
fileprivate let file: StaticString
fileprivate let line: UInt
private init(
_ type: StepType,
file: StaticString = #file,
line: UInt = #line
) {
self.type = type
self.file = file
self.line = line
}
/// A step that describes an action sent to a store and asserts against how the store's state
/// is expected to change.
///
/// - Parameters:
/// - action: An action to send to the test store.
/// - update: A function that describes how the test store's state is expected to change.
/// - Returns: A step that describes an action sent to a store and asserts against how the
/// store's state is expected to change.
public static func send(
_ action: LocalAction,
file: StaticString = #file,
line: UInt = #line,
_ update: @escaping (inout LocalState) throws -> Void = { _ in }
) -> Step {
Step(.send(action, update), file: file, line: line)
}
/// A step that describes an action received by an effect and asserts against how the store's
/// state is expected to change.
///
/// - Parameters:
/// - action: An action the test store should receive by evaluating an effect.
/// - update: A function that describes how the test store's state is expected to change.
/// - Returns: A step that describes an action received by an effect and asserts against how
/// the store's state is expected to change.
public static func receive(
_ action: Action,
file: StaticString = #file,
line: UInt = #line,
_ update: @escaping (inout LocalState) throws -> Void = { _ in }
) -> Step {
Step(.receive(action, update), file: file, line: line)
}
/// A step that updates a test store's environment.
///
/// - Parameter update: A function that updates the test store's environment for subsequent
/// steps.
/// - Returns: A step that updates a test store's environment.
public static func environment(
file: StaticString = #file,
line: UInt = #line,
_ update: @escaping (inout Environment) throws -> Void
) -> Step {
Step(.environment(update), file: file, line: line)
}
/// A step that captures some work to be done between assertions
///
/// - Parameter work: A function that is called between steps.
/// - Returns: A step that captures some work to be done between assertions.
public static func `do`(
file: StaticString = #file,
line: UInt = #line,
_ work: @escaping () throws -> Void
) -> Step {
Step(.do(work), file: file, line: line)
}
fileprivate enum StepType {
case send(LocalAction, (inout LocalState) throws -> Void)
case receive(Action, (inout LocalState) throws -> Void)
case environment((inout Environment) throws -> Void)
case `do`(() throws -> Void)
}
}
private enum TestAction {
case send(LocalAction)
case receive(Action)
}
}
// NB: Dynamically load XCTest to prevent leaking its symbols into our library code.
private func _XCTFail(_ message: String = "", file: StaticString = #file, line: UInt = #line) {
guard
let _XCTFailureHandler = _XCTFailureHandler,
let _XCTCurrentTestCase = _XCTCurrentTestCase
else {
assertionFailure(
"""
Couldn't load XCTest. Are you using a test store in application code?"
""",
file: file,
line: line
)
return
}
_XCTFailureHandler(_XCTCurrentTestCase(), true, "\(file)", line, message, nil)
}
private typealias XCTCurrentTestCase = @convention(c) () -> AnyObject
private typealias XCTFailureHandler = @convention(c) (
AnyObject, Bool, UnsafePointer<CChar>, UInt, String, String?
) -> Void
private let _XCTest = NSClassFromString("XCTest")
.flatMap(Bundle.init(for:))
.flatMap({ $0.executablePath })
.flatMap({ dlopen($0, RTLD_NOW) })
private let _XCTFailureHandler =
_XCTest
.flatMap { dlsym($0, "_XCTFailureHandler") }
.map({ unsafeBitCast($0, to: XCTFailureHandler.self) })
private let _XCTCurrentTestCase =
_XCTest
.flatMap { dlsym($0, "_XCTCurrentTestCase") }
.map({ unsafeBitCast($0, to: XCTCurrentTestCase.self) })
#endif