diff --git a/Runtimes/Resync.cmake b/Runtimes/Resync.cmake
index 42de50bb888..27cd5fb2f88 100644
--- a/Runtimes/Resync.cmake
+++ b/Runtimes/Resync.cmake
@@ -155,13 +155,14 @@ copy_files(public/Platform Overlay/Windows/CRT
     TiocConstants.swift
     tgmath.swift.gyb)
 
-# TODO: Add source directories for the platform overlays, supplemental
-# libraries, and test support libraries.
-
 # Supplemental Libraries
 copy_library_sources(Synchronization "public" "Supplemental")
 copy_library_sources(Observation "public" "Supplemental")
 
+# Copy Differentiation sources
+copy_library_sources("linker-support" "" "Supplemental/Differentiation")
+copy_library_sources("Differentiation" "public" "Supplemental")
+
 # Copy StringProcessing, RegexParser, RegexBuilder
 if(NOT DEFINED StringProcessing_ROOT_DIR)
   find_path(StringProcessing_ROOT_DIR
diff --git a/Runtimes/Supplemental/CMakeLists.txt b/Runtimes/Supplemental/CMakeLists.txt
index c8726cd5850..bf604285224 100644
--- a/Runtimes/Supplemental/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/Runtimes/Supplemental/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -80,3 +80,15 @@ if(SwiftRuntime_ENABLE_distributed)
     CMAKE_ARGS
       ${COMMON_OPTIONS})
 endif()
+
+
+# Differentiation
+if(SwiftRuntime_ENABLE_differentiation)
+  ExternalProject_Add(Differentiation
+    PREFIX "Differentiation"
+    SOURCE_DIR "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/Differentiation"
+    INSTALL_DIR "${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}"
+    INSTALL_COMMAND ""
+    CMAKE_ARGS
+      ${COMMON_OPTIONS})
+endif()
diff --git a/Runtimes/Supplemental/Differentiation/CMakeLists.txt b/Runtimes/Supplemental/Differentiation/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..04cd3c2ad16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Runtimes/Supplemental/Differentiation/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.29)
+
+if($ENV{BUILD_NUMBER})
+  math(EXPR BUILD_NUMBER "$ENV{BUILD_NUMBER} % 65535")
+  set(BUILD_NUMBER ".${BUILD_NUMBER}")
+endif()
+project(SwiftDifferentiation
+  LANGUAGES Swift C
+  VERSION 6.1.0${BUILD_NUMBER})
+
+set(CMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE YES)
+set(CMAKE_Swift_LANGUAGE_VERSION 5)
+
+list(APPEND CMAKE_MODULE_PATH "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/../cmake/modules")
+
+if(NOT PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
+  message(SEND_ERROR "Swift Differentiation must build as a standalone project")
+endif()
+
+set(${PROJECT_NAME}_SWIFTC_SOURCE_DIR
+  "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../../"
+  CACHE FILEPATH "Path to the root source directory of the Swift compiler")
+
+find_package(SwiftCore)
+
+include(gyb)
+include(AvailabilityMacros)
+include(CatalystSupport)
+include(EmitSwiftInterface)
+include(ResourceEmbedding)
+include(InstallSwiftInterface)
+
+option(${PROJECT_NAME}_ENABLE_VECTOR_TYPES "Enable vector support"
+  ${SwiftCore_ENABLE_VECTOR_TYPES})
+
+option(${PROJECT_NAME}_ENABLE_LIBRARY_EVOLUTION "Enable library evolution"
+  ${SwiftCore_ENABLE_LIBRARY_EVOLUTION})
+
+add_compile_options(
+  $<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:Swift>:-explicit-module-build>
+  $<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:Swift>:-nostdlibimport>
+  $<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:Swift>:-parse-stdlib>
+  "$<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:Swift>:SHELL:-library-level api>"
+  $<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:Swift>:-enforce-exclusivity=unchecked>
+  "$<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:Swift>:SHELL:-target-min-inlining-version min>"
+  "$<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:Swift>:SHELL:-enable-experimental-feature NoncopyableGenerics2>"
+  "$<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:Swift>:SHELL:-enable-experimental-feature SuppressedAssociatedTypes>"
+  "$<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:Swift>:SHELL:-enable-experimental-feature SE427NoInferenceOnExtension>"
+  "$<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:Swift>:SHELL:-enable-experimental-feature NonescapableTypes>"
+  "$<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:Swift>:SHELL:-enable-experimental-feature LifetimeDependence>"
+  "$<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:Swift>:SHELL:-enable-experimental-feature MemberImportVisibility>"
+  $<$<AND:$<BOOL:${SwiftDifferentiation_ENABLE_LIBRARY_EVOLUTION}>,$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:Swift>>:-enable-library-evolution>)
+
+if(SwiftDifferentiation_ENABLE_VECTOR_TYPES)
+  gyb_expand(SIMDDifferentiation.swift.gyb SIMDDifferentiation.swift)
+endif()
+gyb_expand(TgmathDerivatives.swift.gyb TgmathDerivatives.swift)
+gyb_expand(FloatingPointDifferentiation.swift.gyb
+  FloatingPointDifferentiation.swift)
+
+add_library(swift_Differentiation
+  AnyDifferentiable.swift
+  ArrayDifferentiation.swift
+  Differentiable.swift
+  DifferentialOperators.swift
+  DifferentiationUtilities.swift
+  OptionalDifferentiation.swift
+  $<$<BOOL:${SwiftDifferentiation_ENABLE_VECTOR_TYPES}>:SIMDDifferentiation.swift>
+  TgmathDerivatives.swift
+  FloatingPointDifferentiation.swift
+  linker-support/magic-symbols-for-install-name.c)
+
+set_target_properties(swift_Differentiation PROPERTIES
+  Swift_MODULE_NAME _Differentiation)
+
+if(APPLE AND BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
+  target_link_options(swift_Differentiation PRIVATE "SHELL:-Xlinker -headerpad_max_install_names")
+endif()
+
+target_link_libraries(swift_Differentiation PRIVATE swiftCore)
+
+set(${PROJECT_NAME}_INSTALL_LIBDIR "${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/swift$<$<NOT:$<BOOL:${BUILD_SHARED_LIBS}>>:_static>$<$<BOOL:${Supplemental_INSTALL_NESTED_SUBDIR}>:/${Supplemental_PLATFORM_SUBDIR}/${Supplemental_ARCH_SUBDIR}>" CACHE STRING "")
+set(${PROJECT_NAME}_INSTALL_SWIFTMODULEDIR "${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/swift$<$<NOT:$<BOOL:${BUILD_SHARED_LIBS}>>:_static>$<$<BOOL:${Supplemental_INSTALL_NESTED_SUBDIR}>:/${Supplemental_PLATFORM_SUBDIR}>" CACHE STRING "")
+
+install(TARGETS swift_Differentiation
+  EXPORT SwiftSupplementalTargets
+  COMPONENT ${PROJECT_NAME}_runtime
+  ARCHIVE DESTINATION "${${PROJECT_NAME}_INSTALL_LIBDIR}"
+  LIBRARY DESTINATION "${${PROJECT_NAME}_INSTALL_LIBDIR}"
+  RUNTIME DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR}")
+emit_swift_interface(swift_Differentiation)
+install_swift_interface(swift_Differentiation)
+
+# Configure plist creation for Darwin platforms.
+generate_plist("${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}" "${CMAKE_PROJECT_VERSION}" swift_Differentiation)
+embed_manifest(swift_Differentiation)