//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This source file is part of the Swift.org open source project
//
// Copyright (c) 2014 - 2016 Apple Inc. and the Swift project authors
// Licensed under Apache License v2.0 with Runtime Library Exception
//
// See https://swift.org/LICENSE.txt for license information
// See https://swift.org/CONTRIBUTORS.txt for the list of Swift project authors
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

// `String` does not conform to `RangeReplaceableCollection`, but provides a
// similar API.

extension String {
  /// The index type for subscripting a string.
  public typealias Index = CharacterView.Index

  /// A type used to represent the number of steps between two `String.Index`
  /// values, where one value is reachable from the other.
  ///
  /// In Swift, *reachability* refers to the ability to produce one value from
  /// the other through zero or more applications of `index(after:)`.
  public typealias IndexDistance = CharacterView.IndexDistance

  /// The position of the first character in a nonempty string.
  ///
  /// In an empty string, `startIndex` is equal to `endIndex`.
  public var startIndex: Index { return characters.startIndex }

  /// A string's "past the end" position---that is, the position one greater
  /// than the last valid subscript argument.
  ///
  /// In an empty string, `endIndex` is equal to `startIndex`.
  public var endIndex: Index { return characters.endIndex }

  /// Returns the position immediately after the given index.
  ///
  /// - Parameter i: A valid index of the collection. `i` must be less than
  ///   `endIndex`.
  /// - Returns: The index value immediately after `i`.
  public func index(after i: Index) -> Index {
    return characters.index(after: i)
  }

  // TODO: swift-3-indexing-model - add docs
  public func index(before i: Index) -> Index {
    return characters.index(before: i)
  }

  /// Returns an index that is the specified distance from the given index.
  ///
  /// The following example obtains an index advanced four positions from a
  /// string's starting index and then prints the character at that position.
  ///
  ///     let s = "Swift"
  ///     let i = s.index(s.startIndex, offsetBy: 4)
  ///     print(s[i])
  ///     // Prints "t"
  ///
  /// The value passed as `n` must not offset `i` beyond the `endIndex` or
  /// before the `startIndex` of this collection.
  ///
  /// - Parameters:
  ///   - i: A valid index of the collection.
  ///   - n: The distance to offset `i`.
  /// - Returns: An index offset by `n` from the index `i`. If `n` is positive,
  ///   this is the same value as the result of `n` calls to `index(after:)`.
  ///   If `n` is negative, this is the same value as the result of `-n` calls
  ///   to `index(before:)`.
  ///
  /// - SeeAlso: `index(_:offsetBy:limitedBy:)`
  /// - Complexity: O(*n*), where *n* is the absolute value of `n`.
  public func index(_ i: Index, offsetBy n: IndexDistance) -> Index {
    return characters.index(i, offsetBy: n)
  }

  /// Returns an index that is the specified distance from the given index,
  /// unless that distance is beyond a given limiting index.
  ///
  /// The following example obtains an index advanced four positions from a
  /// string's starting index and then prints the character at that position.
  /// The operation doesn't require going beyond the limiting `s.endIndex`
  /// value, so it succeeds.
  ///
  ///     let s = "Swift"
  ///     if let i = s.index(s.startIndex, offsetBy: 4, limitedBy: s.endIndex) {
  ///         print(s[i])
  ///     }
  ///     // Prints "t"
  ///
  /// The next example attempts to retrieve an index six positions from
  /// `s.startIndex` but fails, because that distance is beyond the index
  /// passed as `limit`.
  ///
  ///     let j = s.index(s.startIndex, offsetBy: 6, limitedBy: s.endIndex)
  ///     print(j)
  ///     // Prints "nil"
  ///
  /// The value passed as `n` must not offset `i` beyond the `endIndex` or
  /// before the `startIndex` of this collection, unless the index passed as
  /// `limit` prevents offsetting beyond those bounds.
  ///
  /// - Parameters:
  ///   - i: A valid index of the collection.
  ///   - n: The distance to offset `i`.
  ///   - limit: A valid index of the collection to use as a limit. If `n > 0`,
  ///     a limit that is less than `i` has no effect. Likewise, if `n < 0`, a
  ///     limit that is greater than `i` has no effect.
  /// - Returns: An index offset by `n` from the index `i`, unless that index
  ///   would be beyond `limit` in the direction of movement. In that case,
  ///   the method returns `nil`.
  ///
  /// - SeeAlso: `index(_:offsetBy:)`
  /// - Complexity: O(*n*), where *n* is the absolute value of `n`.
  public func index(
    _ i: Index, offsetBy n: IndexDistance, limitedBy limit: Index
  ) -> Index? {
    return characters.index(i, offsetBy: n, limitedBy: limit)
  }

  /// Returns the distance between two indices.
  ///
  /// - Parameters:
  ///   - start: A valid index of the collection.
  ///   - end: Another valid index of the collection. If `end` is equal to
  ///     `start`, the result is zero.
  /// - Returns: The distance between `start` and `end`.
  ///
  /// - Complexity: O(*n*), where *n* is the resulting distance.
  public func distance(from start: Index, to end: Index) -> IndexDistance {
    return characters.distance(from: start, to: end)
  }

  /// Accesses the character at the given position.
  ///
  /// Indices for a subscripting a string are shared with the string's
  /// `characters` view. For example:
  ///
  ///     let greeting = "Hello, friend!"
  ///     if let i = greeting.characters.index(where: { $0 >= "A" && $0 <= "Z" }) {
  ///         print("First capital letter: \(greeting[i])")
  ///     }
  ///     // Prints "First capital letter: H"
  ///
  /// - Parameter i: A valid index of the string. `i` must be less than the
  ///   string's end index.
  public subscript(i: Index) -> Character { return characters[i] }

  /// Accesses the text in the given range.
  ///
  /// - Complexity: O(*n*) if the underlying string is bridged from
  ///   Objective-C, where *n* is the length of the string; otherwise, O(1).
  public subscript(bounds: Range<Index>) -> String {
    return String(characters[bounds])
  }

  /// Accesses the text in the given range.
  ///
  /// - Complexity: O(*n*) if the underlying string is bridged from
  ///   Objective-C, where *n* is the length of the string; otherwise, O(1).
  public subscript(bounds: ClosedRange<Index>) -> String {
    return String(characters[bounds])
  }
}

extension String.Index {
  public static func == (lhs: String.Index, rhs: String.Index) -> Bool {
    return lhs._base == rhs._base
  }

  public static func < (lhs: String.Index, rhs: String.Index) -> Bool {
    return lhs._base < rhs._base
  }
}

extension String {
  /// Creates a new string containing the characters in the given sequence.
  ///
  /// You can use this initializer to create a new string from the result of
  /// one or more operations on a string's `characters` view. For example:
  ///
  ///     let str = "The rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain."
  ///
  ///     let vowels: Set<Character> = ["a", "e", "i", "o", "u"]
  ///     let disemvoweled = String(str.characters.lazy.filter { !vowels.contains($0) })
  ///
  ///     print(disemvoweled)
  ///     // Prints "Th rn n Spn stys mnly n th pln."
  ///
  /// - Parameter characters: A sequence of characters.
  public init<S : Sequence>(_ characters: S)
    where S.Iterator.Element == Character {
    self._core = CharacterView(characters)._core
  }

  /// Reserves enough space in the string's underlying storage to store the
  /// specified number of ASCII characters.
  ///
  /// Because each character in a string can require more than a single ASCII
  /// character's worth of storage, additional allocation may be necessary
  /// when adding characters to a string after a call to
  /// `reserveCapacity(_:)`.
  ///
  /// - Parameter n: The minimum number of ASCII character's worth of storage
  ///   to allocate.
  ///
  /// - Complexity: O(*n*)
  public mutating func reserveCapacity(_ n: Int) {
    withMutableCharacters {
      (v: inout CharacterView) in v.reserveCapacity(n)
    }
  }

  /// Appends the given character to the string.
  ///
  /// The following example adds an emoji globe to the end of a string.
  ///
  ///     var globe = "Globe "
  ///     globe.append("🌍")
  ///     print(globe)
  ///     // Prints "Globe 🌍"
  ///
  /// - Parameter c: The character to append to the string.
  public mutating func append(_ c: Character) {
    withMutableCharacters {
      (v: inout CharacterView) in v.append(c)
    }
  }

  /// Appends the characters in the given sequence to the string.
  ///
  /// - Parameter newElements: A sequence of characters.
  public mutating func append<S : Sequence>(contentsOf newElements: S)
    where S.Iterator.Element == Character {
    withMutableCharacters {
      (v: inout CharacterView) in v.append(contentsOf: newElements)
    }
  }

% for Range in ['Range', 'ClosedRange']:
  /// Replaces the text within the specified bounds with the given characters.
  ///
  /// Calling this method invalidates any existing indices for use with this
  /// string.
  ///
  /// - Parameters:
  ///   - bounds: The range of text to replace. The bounds of the range must be
  ///     valid indices of the string.
  ///   - newElements: The new characters to add to the string.
  ///
  /// - Complexity: O(*m*), where *m* is the combined length of the string and
  ///   `newElements`. If the call to `replaceSubrange(_:with:)` simply
  ///   removes text at the end of the string, the complexity is O(*n*), where
  ///   *n* is equal to `bounds.count`.
  public mutating func replaceSubrange<C>(
    _ bounds: ${Range}<Index>,
    with newElements: C
  ) where C : Collection, C.Iterator.Element == Character {
    withMutableCharacters {
      (v: inout CharacterView)
      in v.replaceSubrange(bounds, with: newElements)
    }
  }

  /// Replaces the text within the specified bounds with the given string.
  ///
  /// Calling this method invalidates any existing indices for use with this
  /// string.
  ///
  /// - Parameters:
  ///   - bounds: The range of text to replace. The bounds of the range must be
  ///     valid indices of the string.
  ///   - newElements: The new text to add to the string.
  ///
  /// - Complexity: O(*m*), where *m* is the combined length of the string and
  ///   `newElements`. If the call to `replaceSubrange(_:with:)` simply
  ///   removes text at the end of the string, the complexity is O(*n*), where
  ///   *n* is equal to `bounds.count`.
  public mutating func replaceSubrange(
    _ bounds: ${Range}<Index>, with newElements: String
  ) {
    replaceSubrange(bounds, with: newElements.characters)
  }
% end

  /// Inserts a new character at the specified position.
  ///
  /// Calling this method invalidates any existing indices for use with this
  /// string.
  ///
  /// - Parameters:
  ///   - newElement: The new character to insert into the string.
  ///   - i: A valid index of the string. If `i` is equal to the string's end
  ///     index, this methods appends `newElement` to the string.
  ///
  /// - Complexity: O(*n*), where *n* is the length of the string.
  public mutating func insert(_ newElement: Character, at i: Index) {
    withMutableCharacters {
      (v: inout CharacterView) in v.insert(newElement, at: i)
    }
  }

  /// Inserts a collection of characters at the specified position.
  ///
  /// Calling this method invalidates any existing indices for use with this
  /// string.
  ///
  /// - Parameters:
  ///   - newElements: A collection of `Character` elements to insert into the
  ///     string.
  ///   - i: A valid index of the string. If `i` is equal to the string's end
  ///     index, this methods appends the contents of `newElements` to the
  ///     string.
  ///
  /// - Complexity: O(*n*), where *n* is the combined length of the string and
  ///   `newElements`.
  public mutating func insert<S : Collection>(
    contentsOf newElements: S, at i: Index
  ) where S.Iterator.Element == Character {
    withMutableCharacters {
      (v: inout CharacterView) in v.insert(contentsOf: newElements, at: i)
    }
  }

  /// Removes and returns the character at the specified position.
  ///
  /// All the elements following `i` are moved to close the gap. This example
  /// removes the hyphen from the middle of a string.
  ///
  ///     var nonempty = "non-empty"
  ///     if let i = nonempty.characters.index(of: "-") {
  ///         nonempty.remove(at: i)
  ///     }
  ///     print(nonempty)
  ///     // Prints "nonempty"
  ///
  /// Calling this method invalidates any existing indices for use with this
  /// string.
  ///
  /// - Parameter i: The position of the character to remove. `i` must be a
  ///   valid index of the string that is not equal to the string's end index.
  /// - Returns: The character that was removed.
  @discardableResult
  public mutating func remove(at i: Index) -> Character {
    return withMutableCharacters {
      (v: inout CharacterView) in v.remove(at: i)
    }
  }

% for Range in ['Range', 'ClosedRange']:
  /// Removes the characters in the given range.
  ///
  /// Calling this method invalidates any existing indices for use with this
  /// string.
  ///
% if Range == 'ClosedRange':
  /// - Parameter bounds: The range of the elements to remove. The upper and
  ///   lower bounds of `bounds` must be valid indices of the string and not
  ///   equal to the string's end index.
% else:
  /// - Parameter bounds: The range of the elements to remove. The upper and
  ///   lower bounds of `bounds` must be valid indices of the string.
% end
  public mutating func removeSubrange(_ bounds: ${Range}<Index>) {
    withMutableCharacters {
      (v: inout CharacterView) in v.removeSubrange(bounds)
    }
  }
% end

  /// Replaces this string with the empty string.
  ///
  /// Calling this method invalidates any existing indices for use with this
  /// string.
  ///
  /// - Parameter keepCapacity: Pass `true` to prevent the release of the
  ///   string's allocated storage. Retaining the storage can be a useful
  ///   optimization when you're planning to grow the string again. The
  ///   default value is `false`.
  public mutating func removeAll(keepingCapacity keepCapacity: Bool = false) {
    withMutableCharacters {
      (v: inout CharacterView) in v.removeAll(keepingCapacity: keepCapacity)
    }
  }
}