Files
swift-mirror/stdlib/public/core/Unicode.swift
Andrew Trick 0b75ee975e Remove "illegal" UnsafePointer casts from the stdlib.
Update for SE-0107: UnsafeRawPointer

This adds a "mutating" initialize to UnsafePointer to make
Immutable -> Mutable conversions explicit.

These are quick fixes to stdlib, overlays, and test cases that are necessary
in order to remove arbitrary UnsafePointer conversions.

Many cases can be expressed better up by reworking the surrounding
code, but we first need a working starting point.
2016-07-28 20:42:23 -07:00

1168 lines
44 KiB
Swift

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This source file is part of the Swift.org open source project
//
// Copyright (c) 2014 - 2016 Apple Inc. and the Swift project authors
// Licensed under Apache License v2.0 with Runtime Library Exception
//
// See http://swift.org/LICENSE.txt for license information
// See http://swift.org/CONTRIBUTORS.txt for the list of Swift project authors
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
import SwiftShims
// Conversions between different Unicode encodings. Note that UTF-16 and
// UTF-32 decoding are *not* currently resilient to erroneous data.
/// The result of one Unicode decoding step.
///
/// Each `UnicodeDecodingResult` instance can represent a Unicode scalar value,
/// an indication that no more Unicode scalars are available, or an indication
/// of a decoding error.
///
/// - SeeAlso: `UnicodeCodec.decode(next:)`
public enum UnicodeDecodingResult : Equatable {
/// A decoded Unicode scalar value.
case scalarValue(UnicodeScalar)
/// An indication that no more Unicode scalars are available in the input.
case emptyInput
/// An indication of a decoding error.
case error
public static func == (
lhs: UnicodeDecodingResult,
rhs: UnicodeDecodingResult
) -> Bool {
switch (lhs, rhs) {
case (.scalarValue(let lhsScalar), .scalarValue(let rhsScalar)):
return lhsScalar == rhsScalar
case (.emptyInput, .emptyInput):
return true
case (.error, .error):
return true
default:
return false
}
}
}
/// A Unicode encoding form that translates between Unicode scalar values and
/// form-specific code units.
///
/// The `UnicodeCodec` protocol declares methods that decode code unit
/// sequences into Unicode scalar values and encode Unicode scalar values
/// into code unit sequences. The standard library implements codecs for the
/// UTF-8, UTF-16, and UTF-32 encoding schemes as the `UTF8`, `UTF16`, and
/// `UTF32` types, respectively. Use the `UnicodeScalar` type to work with
/// decoded Unicode scalar values.
///
/// - SeeAlso: `UTF8`, `UTF16`, `UTF32`, `UnicodeScalar`
public protocol UnicodeCodec {
/// A type that can hold code unit values for this encoding.
associatedtype CodeUnit
/// Creates an instance of the codec.
init()
/// Starts or continues decoding a code unit sequence into Unicode scalar
/// values.
///
/// To decode a code unit sequence completely, call this method repeatedly
/// until it returns `UnicodeDecodingResult.emptyInput`. Checking that the
/// iterator was exhausted is not sufficient, because the decoder can store
/// buffered data from the input iterator.
///
/// Because of buffering, it is impossible to find the corresponding position
/// in the iterator for a given returned `UnicodeScalar` or an error.
///
/// The following example decodes the UTF-8 encoded bytes of a string into an
/// array of `UnicodeScalar` instances:
///
/// let str = "Unicode"
/// print(Array(str.utf8))
/// // Prints "[226, 156, 168, 85, 110, 105, 99, 111, 100, 101, 226, 156, 168]"
///
/// var bytesIterator = str.utf8.makeIterator()
/// var scalars: [UnicodeScalar] = []
/// var utf8Decoder = UTF8()
/// Decode: while true {
/// switch utf8Decoder.decode(&bytesIterator) {
/// case .scalarValue(let v): scalars.append(v)
/// case .emptyInput: break Decode
/// case .error:
/// print("Decoding error")
/// break Decode
/// }
/// }
/// print(scalars)
/// // Prints "["\u{2728}", "U", "n", "i", "c", "o", "d", "e", "\u{2728}"]"
///
/// - Parameter input: An iterator of code units to be decoded. `input` must be
/// the same iterator instance in repeated calls to this method. Do not
/// advance the iterator or any copies of the iterator outside this
/// method.
/// - Returns: A `UnicodeDecodingResult` instance, representing the next
/// Unicode scalar, an indication of an error, or an indication that the
/// UTF sequence has been fully decoded.
mutating func decode<I : IteratorProtocol>(
_ input: inout I
) -> UnicodeDecodingResult where I.Element == CodeUnit
/// Encodes a Unicode scalar as a series of code units by calling the given
/// closure on each code unit.
///
/// For example, the musical fermata symbol ("𝄐") is a single Unicode scalar
/// value (`\u{1D110}`) but requires four code units for its UTF-8
/// representation. The following code uses the `UTF8` codec to encode a
/// fermata in UTF-8:
///
/// var bytes: [UTF8.CodeUnit] = []
/// UTF8.encode("𝄐", into: { bytes.append($0) })
/// print(bytes)
/// // Prints "[240, 157, 132, 144]"
///
/// - Parameters:
/// - input: The Unicode scalar value to encode.
/// - processCodeUnit: A closure that processes one code unit argument at a
/// time.
static func encode(
_ input: UnicodeScalar,
into processCodeUnit: @noescape (CodeUnit) -> Void
)
/// Searches for the first occurrence of a `CodeUnit` that is equal to 0.
///
/// Is an equivalent of `strlen` for C-strings.
/// - Complexity: O(n)
static func _nullCodeUnitOffset(in input: UnsafePointer<CodeUnit>) -> Int
}
/// A codec for translating between Unicode scalar values and UTF-8 code
/// units.
public struct UTF8 : UnicodeCodec {
// See Unicode 8.0.0, Ch 3.9, UTF-8.
// http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode8.0.0/ch03.pdf
/// A type that can hold code unit values for this encoding.
public typealias CodeUnit = UInt8
/// Creates an instance of the UTF-8 codec.
public init() {}
/// Lookahead buffer used for UTF-8 decoding. New bytes are inserted at MSB,
/// and bytes are read at LSB. Note that we need to use a buffer, because
/// in case of invalid subsequences we sometimes don't know whether we should
/// consume a certain byte before looking at it.
internal var _decodeBuffer: UInt32 = 0
/// The number of bits in `_decodeBuffer` that are current filled.
internal var _bitsInBuffer: UInt8 = 0
/// Starts or continues decoding a UTF-8 sequence.
///
/// To decode a code unit sequence completely, call this method repeatedly
/// until it returns `UnicodeDecodingResult.emptyInput`. Checking that the
/// iterator was exhausted is not sufficient, because the decoder can store
/// buffered data from the input iterator.
///
/// Because of buffering, it is impossible to find the corresponding position
/// in the iterator for a given returned `UnicodeScalar` or an error.
///
/// The following example decodes the UTF-8 encoded bytes of a string into an
/// array of `UnicodeScalar` instances. This is a demonstration only---if
/// you need the Unicode scalar representation of a string, use its
/// `unicodeScalars` view.
///
/// let str = "Unicode"
/// print(Array(str.utf8))
/// // Prints "[226, 156, 168, 85, 110, 105, 99, 111, 100, 101, 226, 156, 168]"
///
/// var bytesIterator = str.utf8.makeIterator()
/// var scalars: [UnicodeScalar] = []
/// var utf8Decoder = UTF8()
/// Decode: while true {
/// switch utf8Decoder.decode(&bytesIterator) {
/// case .scalarValue(let v): scalars.append(v)
/// case .emptyInput: break Decode
/// case .error:
/// print("Decoding error")
/// break Decode
/// }
/// }
/// print(scalars)
/// // Prints "["\u{2728}", "U", "n", "i", "c", "o", "d", "e", "\u{2728}"]"
///
/// - Parameter input: An iterator of code units to be decoded. `input` must be
/// the same iterator instance in repeated calls to this method. Do not
/// advance the iterator or any copies of the iterator outside this
/// method.
/// - Returns: A `UnicodeDecodingResult` instance, representing the next
/// Unicode scalar, an indication of an error, or an indication that the
/// UTF sequence has been fully decoded.
public mutating func decode<I : IteratorProtocol>(
_ input: inout I
) -> UnicodeDecodingResult where I.Element == CodeUnit {
// Bufferless ASCII fastpath.
if _fastPath(_bitsInBuffer == 0) {
guard let codeUnit = input.next() else { return .emptyInput }
// ASCII, return immediately.
if codeUnit & 0x80 == 0 {
return .scalarValue(UnicodeScalar(_unchecked: UInt32(codeUnit)))
}
// Non-ASCII, proceed to buffering mode.
_decodeBuffer = UInt32(codeUnit)
_bitsInBuffer = 8
} else if (_decodeBuffer & 0x80 == 0) {
// ASCII in buffer. We don't refill the buffer so we can return
// to bufferless mode once we've exhausted it.
let codeUnit = _decodeBuffer & 0xff
_decodeBuffer >>= 8
_bitsInBuffer = _bitsInBuffer &- 8
return .scalarValue(UnicodeScalar(_unchecked: codeUnit))
}
// Buffering mode.
// Fill buffer back to 4 bytes (or as many as are left in the iterator).
_sanityCheck(_bitsInBuffer < 32)
repeat {
if let codeUnit = input.next() {
// We know _bitsInBuffer < 32 so we use `& 0x1f` (31) to make the
// compiler omit a bounds check branch for the bitshift.
_decodeBuffer |= (UInt32(codeUnit) << UInt32(_bitsInBuffer & 0x1f))
_bitsInBuffer = _bitsInBuffer &+ 8
} else {
if _bitsInBuffer == 0 { return .emptyInput }
break // We still have some bytes left in our buffer.
}
} while _bitsInBuffer < 32
// Decode one unicode scalar.
// Note our empty bytes are always 0x00, which is required for this call.
let (result, length) = UTF8._decodeOne(_decodeBuffer)
// Consume the decoded bytes (or maximal subpart of ill-formed sequence).
let bitsConsumed = 8 &* length
_sanityCheck(1...4 ~= length && bitsConsumed <= _bitsInBuffer)
// Swift doesn't allow shifts greater than or equal to the type width.
// _decodeBuffer >>= UInt32(bitsConsumed) // >>= 32 crashes.
// Mask with 0x3f (63) to let the compiler omit the '>= 64' bounds check.
_decodeBuffer = UInt32(truncatingBitPattern:
UInt64(_decodeBuffer) >> (UInt64(bitsConsumed) & 0x3f))
_bitsInBuffer = _bitsInBuffer &- bitsConsumed
guard _fastPath(result != nil) else { return .error }
return .scalarValue(UnicodeScalar(_unchecked: result!))
}
/// Attempts to decode a single UTF-8 code unit sequence starting at the LSB
/// of `buffer`.
///
/// - Returns:
/// - result: The decoded code point if the code unit sequence is
/// well-formed; `nil` otherwise.
/// - length: The length of the code unit sequence in bytes if it is
/// well-formed; otherwise the *maximal subpart of the ill-formed
/// sequence* (Unicode 8.0.0, Ch 3.9, D93b), i.e. the number of leading
/// code units that were valid or 1 in case none were valid. Unicode
/// recommends to skip these bytes and replace them by a single
/// replacement character (U+FFFD).
///
/// - Requires: There is at least one used byte in `buffer`, and the unused
/// space in `buffer` is filled with some value not matching the UTF-8
/// continuation byte form (`0b10xxxxxx`).
public // @testable
static func _decodeOne(_ buffer: UInt32) -> (result: UInt32?, length: UInt8) {
// Note the buffer is read least significant byte first: [ #3 #2 #1 #0 ].
if buffer & 0x80 == 0 { // 1-byte sequence (ASCII), buffer: [ CU0 ].
let value = buffer & 0xff
return (value, 1)
}
// Determine sequence length using high 5 bits of 1st byte. We use a
// look-up table to branch less. 1-byte sequences are handled above.
//
// case | pattern | description
// ----------------------------
// 00 | 110xx | 2-byte sequence
// 01 | 1110x | 3-byte sequence
// 10 | 11110 | 4-byte sequence
// 11 | other | invalid
//
// 11xxx 10xxx 01xxx 00xxx
let lut0: UInt32 = 0b1011_0000__1111_1111__1111_1111__1111_1111
let lut1: UInt32 = 0b1100_0000__1111_1111__1111_1111__1111_1111
let index = (buffer >> 3) & 0x1f
let bit0 = (lut0 >> index) & 1
let bit1 = (lut1 >> index) & 1
switch (bit1, bit0) {
case (0, 0): // 2-byte sequence, buffer: [ CU1 CU0 ].
// Require 10xx xxxx 110x xxxx.
if _slowPath(buffer & 0xc0e0 != 0x80c0) { return (nil, 1) }
// Disallow xxxx xxxx xxx0 000x (<= 7 bits case).
if _slowPath(buffer & 0x001e == 0x0000) { return (nil, 1) }
// Extract data bits.
let value = (buffer & 0x3f00) >> 8
| (buffer & 0x001f) << 6
return (value, 2)
case (0, 1): // 3-byte sequence, buffer: [ CU2 CU1 CU0 ].
// Disallow xxxx xxxx xx0x xxxx xxxx 0000 (<= 11 bits case).
if _slowPath(buffer & 0x00200f == 0x000000) { return (nil, 1) }
// Disallow xxxx xxxx xx1x xxxx xxxx 1101 (surrogate code points).
if _slowPath(buffer & 0x00200f == 0x00200d) { return (nil, 1) }
// Require 10xx xxxx 10xx xxxx 1110 xxxx.
if _slowPath(buffer & 0xc0c0f0 != 0x8080e0) {
if buffer & 0x00c000 != 0x008000 { return (nil, 1) }
return (nil, 2) // All checks on CU0 & CU1 passed.
}
// Extract data bits.
let value = (buffer & 0x3f0000) >> 16
| (buffer & 0x003f00) >> 2
| (buffer & 0x00000f) << 12
return (value, 3)
case (1, 0): // 4-byte sequence, buffer: [ CU3 CU2 CU1 CU0 ].
// Disallow xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xx00 xxxx xxxx x000 (<= 16 bits case).
if _slowPath(buffer & 0x00003007 == 0x00000000) { return (nil, 1) }
// If xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx x1xx.
if buffer & 0x00000004 == 0x00000004 {
// Require xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xx00 xxxx xxxx xx00 (<= 0x10FFFF).
if _slowPath(buffer & 0x00003003 != 0x00000000) { return (nil, 1) }
}
// Require 10xx xxxx 10xx xxxx 10xx xxxx 1111 0xxx.
if _slowPath(buffer & 0xc0c0c0f8 != 0x808080f0) {
if buffer & 0x0000c000 != 0x00008000 { return (nil, 1) }
// All other checks on CU0, CU1 & CU2 passed.
if buffer & 0x00c00000 != 0x00800000 { return (nil, 2) }
return (nil, 3)
}
// Extract data bits.
// FIXME(integers): remove extra type casts
let value = (buffer & 0x3f000000) >> (24 as UInt32)
| (buffer & 0x003f0000) >> (10 as UInt32)
| (buffer & 0x00003f00) << (4 as UInt32)
| (buffer & 0x00000007) << (18 as UInt32)
return (value, 4)
default: // Invalid sequence (CU0 invalid).
return (nil, 1)
}
}
/// Encodes a Unicode scalar as a series of code units by calling the given
/// closure on each code unit.
///
/// For example, the musical fermata symbol ("𝄐") is a single Unicode scalar
/// value (`\u{1D110}`) but requires four code units for its UTF-8
/// representation. The following code encodes a fermata in UTF-8:
///
/// var bytes: [UTF8.CodeUnit] = []
/// UTF8.encode("𝄐", into: { bytes.append($0) })
/// print(bytes)
/// // Prints "[240, 157, 132, 144]"
///
/// - Parameters:
/// - input: The Unicode scalar value to encode.
/// - processCodeUnit: A closure that processes one code unit argument at a
/// time.
public static func encode(
_ input: UnicodeScalar,
into processCodeUnit: @noescape (CodeUnit) -> Void
) {
var c = UInt32(input)
var buf3 = UInt8(c & 0xFF)
if c >= UInt32(1<<7) {
c >>= 6
buf3 = (buf3 & 0x3F) | 0x80 // 10xxxxxx
var buf2 = UInt8(c & 0xFF)
if c < UInt32(1<<5) {
buf2 |= 0xC0 // 110xxxxx
}
else {
c >>= 6
buf2 = (buf2 & 0x3F) | 0x80 // 10xxxxxx
var buf1 = UInt8(c & 0xFF)
if c < UInt32(1<<4) {
buf1 |= 0xE0 // 1110xxxx
}
else {
c >>= 6
buf1 = (buf1 & 0x3F) | 0x80 // 10xxxxxx
processCodeUnit(UInt8(c | 0xF0)) // 11110xxx
}
processCodeUnit(buf1)
}
processCodeUnit(buf2)
}
processCodeUnit(buf3)
}
/// Returns a Boolean value indicating whether the specified code unit is a
/// UTF-8 continuation byte.
///
/// Continuation bytes take the form `0b10xxxxxx`. For example, a lowercase
/// "e" with an acute accent above it (`"é"`) uses 2 bytes for its UTF-8
/// representation: `0b11000011` (195) and `0b10101001` (169). The second
/// byte is a continuation byte.
///
/// let eAcute = "é"
/// for codePoint in eAcute.utf8 {
/// print(codePoint, UTF8.isContinuation(codePoint))
/// }
/// // Prints "195 false"
/// // Prints "169 true"
///
/// - Parameter byte: A UTF-8 code unit.
/// - Returns: `true` if `byte` is a continuation byte; otherwise, `false`.
public static func isContinuation(_ byte: CodeUnit) -> Bool {
return byte & 0b11_00__0000 == 0b10_00__0000
}
public static func _nullCodeUnitOffset(in input: UnsafePointer<CodeUnit>) -> Int {
// Relying on a permissive memory model in C.
let cstr = unsafeBitCast(input, to: UnsafePointer<CChar>.self)
return Int(_swift_stdlib_strlen(cstr))
}
// Support parsing C strings as-if they are UTF8 strings.
public static func _nullCodeUnitOffset(in input: UnsafePointer<CChar>) -> Int {
return Int(_swift_stdlib_strlen(input))
}
}
/// A codec for translating between Unicode scalar values and UTF-16 code
/// units.
public struct UTF16 : UnicodeCodec {
/// A type that can hold code unit values for this encoding.
public typealias CodeUnit = UInt16
/// Creates an instance of the UTF-16 codec.
public init() {}
/// A lookahead buffer for one UTF-16 code unit.
internal var _decodeLookahead: UInt16?
/// Starts or continues decoding a UTF-16 sequence.
///
/// To decode a code unit sequence completely, call this method repeatedly
/// until it returns `UnicodeDecodingResult.emptyInput`. Checking that the
/// iterator was exhausted is not sufficient, because the decoder can store
/// buffered data from the input iterator.
///
/// Because of buffering, it is impossible to find the corresponding position
/// in the iterator for a given returned `UnicodeScalar` or an error.
///
/// The following example decodes the UTF-16 encoded bytes of a string into an
/// array of `UnicodeScalar` instances. This is a demonstration only---if
/// you need the Unicode scalar representation of a string, use its
/// `unicodeScalars` view.
///
/// let str = "Unicode"
/// print(Array(str.utf16))
/// // Prints "[10024, 85, 110, 105, 99, 111, 100, 101, 10024]"
///
/// var codeUnitIterator = str.utf16.makeIterator()
/// var scalars: [UnicodeScalar] = []
/// var utf16Decoder = UTF16()
/// Decode: while true {
/// switch utf16Decoder.decode(&codeUnitIterator) {
/// case .scalarValue(let v): scalars.append(v)
/// case .emptyInput: break Decode
/// case .error:
/// print("Decoding error")
/// break Decode
/// }
/// }
/// print(scalars)
/// // Prints "["\u{2728}", "U", "n", "i", "c", "o", "d", "e", "\u{2728}"]"
///
/// - Parameter input: An iterator of code units to be decoded. `input` must be
/// the same iterator instance in repeated calls to this method. Do not
/// advance the iterator or any copies of the iterator outside this
/// method.
/// - Returns: A `UnicodeDecodingResult` instance, representing the next
/// Unicode scalar, an indication of an error, or an indication that the
/// UTF sequence has been fully decoded.
public mutating func decode<I : IteratorProtocol>(
_ input: inout I
) -> UnicodeDecodingResult where I.Element == CodeUnit {
// Note: maximal subpart of ill-formed sequence for UTF-16 can only have
// length 1. Length 0 does not make sense. Neither does length 2 -- in
// that case the sequence is valid.
let unit0: UInt16
if _fastPath(_decodeLookahead == nil) {
guard let next = input.next() else { return .emptyInput }
unit0 = next
} else { // Consume lookahead first.
unit0 = _decodeLookahead!
_decodeLookahead = nil
}
// A well-formed pair of surrogates looks like this:
// high-surrogate low-surrogate
// [1101 10xx xxxx xxxx] [1101 11xx xxxx xxxx]
// Common case first, non-surrogate -- just a sequence of 1 code unit.
if _fastPath((unit0 >> 11) != 0b1101_1) {
return .scalarValue(UnicodeScalar(_unchecked: UInt32(unit0)))
}
// Ensure `unit0` is a high-surrogate.
guard _fastPath((unit0 >> 10) == 0b1101_10) else { return .error }
// We already have a high-surrogate, so there should be a next code unit.
guard let unit1 = input.next() else { return .error }
// `unit0` is a high-surrogate, so `unit1` should be a low-surrogate.
guard _fastPath((unit1 >> 10) == 0b1101_11) else {
// Invalid sequence, discard `unit0` and store `unit1` for the next call.
_decodeLookahead = unit1
return .error
}
// We have a well-formed surrogate pair, decode it.
let result = 0x10000 + ((UInt32(unit0 & 0x03ff) << 10) | UInt32(unit1 & 0x03ff))
return .scalarValue(UnicodeScalar(_unchecked: result))
}
/// Try to decode one Unicode scalar, and return the actual number of code
/// units it spanned in the input. This function may consume more code
/// units than required for this scalar.
@_versioned
internal mutating func _decodeOne<I : IteratorProtocol>(
_ input: inout I
) -> (UnicodeDecodingResult, Int) where I.Element == CodeUnit {
let result = decode(&input)
switch result {
case .scalarValue(let us):
return (result, UTF16.width(us))
case .emptyInput:
return (result, 0)
case .error:
return (result, 1)
}
}
/// Encodes a Unicode scalar as a series of code units by calling the given
/// closure on each code unit.
///
/// For example, the musical fermata symbol ("𝄐") is a single Unicode scalar
/// value (`\u{1D110}`) but requires two code units for its UTF-16
/// representation. The following code encodes a fermata in UTF-16:
///
/// var codeUnits: [UTF16.CodeUnit] = []
/// UTF16.encode("𝄐", into: { codeUnits.append($0) })
/// print(codeUnits)
/// // Prints "[55348, 56592]"
///
/// - Parameters:
/// - input: The Unicode scalar value to encode.
/// - processCodeUnit: A closure that processes one code unit argument at a
/// time.
public static func encode(
_ input: UnicodeScalar,
into processCodeUnit: @noescape (CodeUnit) -> Void
) {
let scalarValue: UInt32 = UInt32(input)
if scalarValue <= UInt32(UInt16.max) {
processCodeUnit(UInt16(scalarValue))
}
else {
let lead_offset = UInt32(0xd800) - UInt32(0x10000 >> 10)
processCodeUnit(UInt16(lead_offset + (scalarValue >> 10)))
processCodeUnit(UInt16(0xdc00 + (scalarValue & 0x3ff)))
}
}
}
/// A codec for translating between Unicode scalar values and UTF-32 code
/// units.
public struct UTF32 : UnicodeCodec {
/// A type that can hold code unit values for this encoding.
public typealias CodeUnit = UInt32
/// Creates an instance of the UTF-32 codec.
public init() {}
/// Starts or continues decoding a UTF-32 sequence.
///
/// To decode a code unit sequence completely, call this method repeatedly
/// until it returns `UnicodeDecodingResult.emptyInput`. Checking that the
/// iterator was exhausted is not sufficient, because the decoder can store
/// buffered data from the input iterator.
///
/// Because of buffering, it is impossible to find the corresponding position
/// in the iterator for a given returned `UnicodeScalar` or an error.
///
/// The following example decodes the UTF-16 encoded bytes of a string
/// into an array of `UnicodeScalar` instances. This is a demonstration
/// only---if you need the Unicode scalar representation of a string, use
/// its `unicodeScalars` view.
///
/// // UTF-32 representation of "Unicode"
/// let codeUnits: [UTF32.CodeUnit] =
/// [10024, 85, 110, 105, 99, 111, 100, 101, 10024]
///
/// var codeUnitIterator = codeUnits.makeIterator()
/// var scalars: [UnicodeScalar] = []
/// var utf32Decoder = UTF32()
/// Decode: while true {
/// switch utf32Decoder.decode(&codeUnitIterator) {
/// case .scalarValue(let v): scalars.append(v)
/// case .emptyInput: break Decode
/// case .error:
/// print("Decoding error")
/// break Decode
/// }
/// }
/// print(scalars)
/// // Prints "["\u{2728}", "U", "n", "i", "c", "o", "d", "e", "\u{2728}"]"
///
/// - Parameter input: An iterator of code units to be decoded. `input` must be
/// the same iterator instance in repeated calls to this method. Do not
/// advance the iterator or any copies of the iterator outside this
/// method.
/// - Returns: A `UnicodeDecodingResult` instance, representing the next
/// Unicode scalar, an indication of an error, or an indication that the
/// UTF sequence has been fully decoded.
public mutating func decode<I : IteratorProtocol>(
_ input: inout I
) -> UnicodeDecodingResult where I.Element == CodeUnit {
return UTF32._decode(&input)
}
internal static func _decode<I : IteratorProtocol>(
_ input: inout I
) -> UnicodeDecodingResult where I.Element == CodeUnit {
guard let x = input.next() else { return .emptyInput }
// Check code unit is valid: not surrogate-reserved and within range.
guard _fastPath((x >> 11) != 0b1101_1 && x <= 0x10ffff)
else { return .error }
// x is a valid scalar.
return .scalarValue(UnicodeScalar(_unchecked: x))
}
/// Encodes a Unicode scalar as a UTF-32 code unit by calling the given
/// closure.
///
/// For example, like every Unicode scalar, the musical fermata symbol ("𝄐")
/// can be represented in UTF-32 as a single code unit. The following code
/// encodes a fermata in UTF-32:
///
/// var codeUnit: UTF32.CodeUnit = 0
/// UTF32.encode("𝄐", into: { codeUnit = $0 })
/// print(codeUnit)
/// // Prints "119056"
///
/// - Parameters:
/// - input: The Unicode scalar value to encode.
/// - processCodeUnit: A closure that processes one code unit argument at a
/// time.
public static func encode(
_ input: UnicodeScalar,
into processCodeUnit: @noescape (CodeUnit) -> Void
) {
processCodeUnit(UInt32(input))
}
}
/// Translates the given input from one Unicode encoding to another by calling
/// the given closure.
///
/// The following example transcodes the UTF-8 representation of the string
/// `"Fermata 𝄐"` into UTF-32.
///
/// let fermata = "Fermata 𝄐"
/// let bytes = fermata.utf8
/// print(Array(bytes))
/// // Prints "[70, 101, 114, 109, 97, 116, 97, 32, 240, 157, 132, 144]"
///
/// var codeUnits: [UTF32.CodeUnit] = []
/// let sink = { codeUnits.append($0) }
/// transcode(bytes.makeIterator(), from: UTF8.self, to: UTF32.self,
/// stoppingOnError: false, into: sink)
/// print(codeUnits)
/// // Prints "[70, 101, 114, 109, 97, 116, 97, 32, 119056]"
///
/// The `sink` closure is called with each resulting UTF-32 code unit as the
/// function iterates over its input.
///
/// - Parameters:
/// - input: An iterator of code units to be translated, encoded as
/// `inputEncoding`. If `stopOnError` is `false`, the entire iterator will
/// be exhausted. Otherwise, iteration will stop if an encoding error is
/// detected.
/// - inputEncoding: The Unicode encoding of `input`.
/// - outputEncoding: The destination Unicode encoding.
/// - stopOnError: Pass `true` to stop translation when an encoding error is
/// detected in `input`. Otherwise, a Unicode replacement character
/// (`"\u{FFFD}"`) is inserted for each detected error.
/// - processCodeUnit: A closure that processes one `outputEncoding` code
/// unit at a time.
/// - Returns: `true` if the translation detected encoding errors in `input`;
/// otherwise, `false`.
public func transcode<Input, InputEncoding, OutputEncoding>(
_ input: Input,
from inputEncoding: InputEncoding.Type,
to outputEncoding: OutputEncoding.Type,
stoppingOnError stopOnError: Bool,
into processCodeUnit: @noescape (OutputEncoding.CodeUnit) -> Void
) -> Bool
where
Input : IteratorProtocol,
InputEncoding : UnicodeCodec,
OutputEncoding : UnicodeCodec,
InputEncoding.CodeUnit == Input.Element {
var input = input
// NB. It is not possible to optimize this routine to a memcpy if
// InputEncoding == OutputEncoding. The reason is that memcpy will not
// substitute U+FFFD replacement characters for ill-formed sequences.
var inputDecoder = inputEncoding.init()
var hadError = false
loop:
while true {
switch inputDecoder.decode(&input) {
case .scalarValue(let us):
OutputEncoding.encode(us, into: processCodeUnit)
case .emptyInput:
break loop
case .error:
hadError = true
if stopOnError {
break loop
}
OutputEncoding.encode("\u{fffd}", into: processCodeUnit)
}
}
return hadError
}
/// Transcode UTF-16 to UTF-8, replacing ill-formed sequences with U+FFFD.
///
/// Returns the index of the first unhandled code unit and the UTF-8 data
/// that was encoded.
internal func _transcodeSomeUTF16AsUTF8<Input>(
_ input: Input, _ startIndex: Input.Index
) -> (Input.Index, _StringCore._UTF8Chunk)
where
Input : Collection,
Input.Iterator.Element == UInt16 {
typealias _UTF8Chunk = _StringCore._UTF8Chunk
let endIndex = input.endIndex
let utf8Max = sizeof(_UTF8Chunk.self)
var result: _UTF8Chunk = 0
var utf8Count = 0
var nextIndex = startIndex
while nextIndex != input.endIndex && utf8Count != utf8Max {
let u = UInt(input[nextIndex])
let shift = _UTF8Chunk(utf8Count * 8)
var utf16Length: Input.IndexDistance = 1
if _fastPath(u <= 0x7f) {
result |= _UTF8Chunk(u) << shift
utf8Count += 1
} else {
var scalarUtf8Length: Int
var r: UInt
if _fastPath((u >> 11) != 0b1101_1) {
// Neither high-surrogate, nor low-surrogate -- well-formed sequence
// of 1 code unit, decoding is trivial.
if u < 0x800 {
r = 0b10__00_0000__110__0_0000
r |= u >> 6
r |= (u & 0b11_1111) << 8
scalarUtf8Length = 2
}
else {
r = 0b10__00_0000__10__00_0000__1110__0000
r |= u >> 12
r |= ((u >> 6) & 0b11_1111) << 8
r |= (u & 0b11_1111) << 16
scalarUtf8Length = 3
}
} else {
let unit0 = u
if _slowPath((unit0 >> 10) == 0b1101_11) {
// `unit0` is a low-surrogate. We have an ill-formed sequence.
// Replace it with U+FFFD.
r = 0xbdbfef
scalarUtf8Length = 3
} else if _slowPath(input.index(nextIndex, offsetBy: 1) == endIndex) {
// We have seen a high-surrogate and EOF, so we have an ill-formed
// sequence. Replace it with U+FFFD.
r = 0xbdbfef
scalarUtf8Length = 3
} else {
let unit1 = UInt(input[input.index(nextIndex, offsetBy: 1)])
if _fastPath((unit1 >> 10) == 0b1101_11) {
// `unit1` is a low-surrogate. We have a well-formed surrogate
// pair.
let v = 0x10000 + (((unit0 & 0x03ff) << 10) | (unit1 & 0x03ff))
r = 0b10__00_0000__10__00_0000__10__00_0000__1111_0__000
r |= v >> 18
r |= ((v >> 12) & 0b11_1111) << 8
r |= ((v >> 6) & 0b11_1111) << 16
r |= (v & 0b11_1111) << 24
scalarUtf8Length = 4
utf16Length = 2
} else {
// Otherwise, we have an ill-formed sequence. Replace it with
// U+FFFD.
r = 0xbdbfef
scalarUtf8Length = 3
}
}
}
// Don't overrun the buffer
if utf8Count + scalarUtf8Length > utf8Max {
break
}
result |= numericCast(r) << shift
utf8Count += scalarUtf8Length
}
nextIndex = input.index(nextIndex, offsetBy: utf16Length)
}
// FIXME: Annoying check, courtesy of <rdar://problem/16740169>
if utf8Count < sizeofValue(result) {
result |= ~0 << numericCast(utf8Count * 8)
}
return (nextIndex, result)
}
/// Instances of conforming types are used in internal `String`
/// representation.
public // @testable
protocol _StringElement {
static func _toUTF16CodeUnit(_: Self) -> UTF16.CodeUnit
static func _fromUTF16CodeUnit(_ utf16: UTF16.CodeUnit) -> Self
}
extension UTF16.CodeUnit : _StringElement {
public // @testable
static func _toUTF16CodeUnit(_ x: UTF16.CodeUnit) -> UTF16.CodeUnit {
return x
}
public // @testable
static func _fromUTF16CodeUnit(
_ utf16: UTF16.CodeUnit
) -> UTF16.CodeUnit {
return utf16
}
}
extension UTF8.CodeUnit : _StringElement {
public // @testable
static func _toUTF16CodeUnit(_ x: UTF8.CodeUnit) -> UTF16.CodeUnit {
_sanityCheck(x <= 0x7f, "should only be doing this with ASCII")
return UTF16.CodeUnit(x)
}
public // @testable
static func _fromUTF16CodeUnit(
_ utf16: UTF16.CodeUnit
) -> UTF8.CodeUnit {
_sanityCheck(utf16 <= 0x7f, "should only be doing this with ASCII")
return UTF8.CodeUnit(utf16)
}
}
extension UTF16 {
/// Returns the number of code units required to encode the given Unicode
/// scalar.
///
/// Because a Unicode scalar value can require up to 21 bits to store its
/// value, some Unicode scalars are represented in UTF-16 by a pair of
/// 16-bit code units. The first and second code units of the pair,
/// designated *leading* and *trailing* surrogates, make up a *surrogate
/// pair*.
///
/// let anA: UnicodeScalar = "A"
/// print(anA.value)
/// // Prints "65"
/// print(UTF16.width(anA))
/// // Prints "1"
///
/// let anApple: UnicodeScalar = "🍎"
/// print(anApple.value)
/// // Prints "127822"
/// print(UTF16.width(anApple))
/// // Prints "2"
///
/// - Parameter x: A Unicode scalar value.
/// - Returns: The width of `x` when encoded in UTF-16, either `1` or `2`.
public static func width(_ x: UnicodeScalar) -> Int {
return x.value <= 0xFFFF ? 1 : 2
}
/// Returns the high-surrogate code unit of the surrogate pair representing
/// the specified Unicode scalar.
///
/// Because a Unicode scalar value can require up to 21 bits to store its
/// value, some Unicode scalars are represented in UTF-16 by a pair of
/// 16-bit code units. The first and second code units of the pair,
/// designated *leading* and *trailing* surrogates, make up a *surrogate
/// pair*.
///
/// let apple: UnicodeScalar = "🍎"
/// print(UTF16.leadSurrogate(apple)
/// // Prints "55356"
///
/// - Parameter x: A Unicode scalar value. `x` must be represented by a
/// surrogate pair when encoded in UTF-16. To check whether `x` is
/// represented by a surrogate pair, use `UTF16.width(x) == 2`.
/// - Returns: The leading surrogate code unit of `x` when encoded in UTF-16.
///
/// - SeeAlso: `UTF16.width(_:)`, `UTF16.trailSurrogate(_:)`
public static func leadSurrogate(_ x: UnicodeScalar) -> UTF16.CodeUnit {
_precondition(width(x) == 2)
return UTF16.CodeUnit((x.value - 0x1_0000) >> (10 as UInt32)) + 0xD800
}
/// Returns the low-surrogate code unit of the surrogate pair representing
/// the specified Unicode scalar.
///
/// Because a Unicode scalar value can require up to 21 bits to store its
/// value, some Unicode scalars are represented in UTF-16 by a pair of
/// 16-bit code units. The first and second code units of the pair,
/// designated *leading* and *trailing* surrogates, make up a *surrogate
/// pair*.
///
/// let apple: UnicodeScalar = "🍎"
/// print(UTF16.trailSurrogate(apple)
/// // Prints "57166"
///
/// - Parameter x: A Unicode scalar value. `x` must be represented by a
/// surrogate pair when encoded in UTF-16. To check whether `x` is
/// represented by a surrogate pair, use `UTF16.width(x) == 2`.
/// - Returns: The trailing surrogate code unit of `x` when encoded in UTF-16.
///
/// - SeeAlso: `UTF16.width(_:)`, `UTF16.leadSurrogate(_:)`
public static func trailSurrogate(_ x: UnicodeScalar) -> UTF16.CodeUnit {
_precondition(width(x) == 2)
return UTF16.CodeUnit(
(x.value - 0x1_0000) & (((1 as UInt32) << 10) - 1)
) + 0xDC00
}
/// Returns a Boolean value indicating whether the specified code unit is a
/// high-surrogate code unit.
///
/// Here's an example of checking whether each code unit in a string's
/// `utf16` view is a lead surrogate. The `apple` string contains a single
/// emoji character made up of a surrogate pair when encoded in UTF-16.
///
/// let apple = "🍎"
/// for unit in apple.utf16 {
/// print(UTF16.isLeadSurrogate(unit))
/// }
/// // Prints "true"
/// // Prints "false"
///
/// This method does not validate the encoding of a UTF-16 sequence beyond
/// the specified code unit. Specifically, it does not validate that a
/// low-surrogate code unit follows `x`.
///
/// - Parameter x: A UTF-16 code unit.
/// - Returns: `true` if `x` is a high-surrogate code unit; otherwise,
/// `false`.
///
/// - SeeAlso: `UTF16.width(_:)`, `UTF16.leadSurrogate(_:)`
public static func isLeadSurrogate(_ x: CodeUnit) -> Bool {
return 0xD800...0xDBFF ~= x
}
/// Returns a Boolean value indicating whether the specified code unit is a
/// low-surrogate code unit.
///
/// Here's an example of checking whether each code unit in a string's
/// `utf16` view is a trailing surrogate. The `apple` string contains a
/// single emoji character made up of a surrogate pair when encoded in
/// UTF-16.
///
/// let apple = "🍎"
/// for unit in apple.utf16 {
/// print(UTF16.isTrailSurrogate(unit))
/// }
/// // Prints "false"
/// // Prints "true"
///
/// This method does not validate the encoding of a UTF-16 sequence beyond
/// the specified code unit. Specifically, it does not validate that a
/// high-surrogate code unit precedes `x`.
///
/// - Parameter x: A UTF-16 code unit.
/// - Returns: `true` if `x` is a low-surrogate code unit; otherwise,
/// `false`.
///
/// - SeeAlso: `UTF16.width(_:)`, `UTF16.leadSurrogate(_:)`
public static func isTrailSurrogate(_ x: CodeUnit) -> Bool {
return 0xDC00...0xDFFF ~= x
}
public // @testable
static func _copy<T : _StringElement, U : _StringElement>(
source: UnsafeMutablePointer<T>,
destination: UnsafeMutablePointer<U>,
count: Int
) {
if strideof(T.self) == strideof(U.self) {
_memcpy(
dest: UnsafeMutablePointer(destination),
src: UnsafeMutablePointer(source),
size: UInt(count) * UInt(strideof(U.self)))
}
else {
for i in 0..<count {
let u16 = T._toUTF16CodeUnit((source + i).pointee)
(destination + i).pointee = U._fromUTF16CodeUnit(u16)
}
}
}
/// Returns the number of UTF-16 code units required for the given code unit
/// sequence when transcoded to UTF-16, and a Boolean value indicating
/// whether the sequence was found to contain only ASCII characters.
///
/// The following example finds the length of the UTF-16 encoding of the
/// string `"Fermata 𝄐"`, starting with its UTF-8 representation.
///
/// let fermata = "Fermata 𝄐"
/// let bytes = fermata.utf8
/// print(Array(bytes))
/// // Prints "[70, 101, 114, 109, 97, 116, 97, 32, 240, 157, 132, 144]"
///
/// let result = transcodedLength(of: bytes.makeIterator(),
/// decodedAs: UTF8.self,
/// repairingIllFormedSequences: false)
/// print(result)
/// // Prints "Optional((10, false))"
///
/// - Parameters:
/// - input: An iterator of code units to be translated, encoded as
/// `sourceEncoding`. If `repairingIllFormedSequences` is `true`, the
/// entire iterator will be exhausted. Otherwise, iteration will stop if
/// an ill-formed sequence is detected.
/// - sourceEncoding: The Unicode encoding of `input`.
/// - repairingIllFormedSequences: Pass `true` to measure the length of
/// `input` even when `input` contains ill-formed sequences. Each
/// ill-formed sequence is replaced with a Unicode replacement character
/// (`"\u{FFFD}"`) and is measured as such. Pass `false` to immediately
/// stop measuring `input` when an ill-formed sequence is encountered.
/// - Returns: A tuple containing the number of UTF-16 code units required to
/// encode `input` and a Boolean value that indicates whether the `input`
/// contained only ASCII characters. If `repairingIllFormedSequences` is
/// `false` and an ill-formed sequence is detected, this method returns
/// `nil`.
public static func transcodedLength<Input, Encoding>(
of input: Input,
decodedAs sourceEncoding: Encoding.Type,
repairingIllFormedSequences: Bool
) -> (count: Int, isASCII: Bool)?
where
Input : IteratorProtocol,
Encoding : UnicodeCodec,
Encoding.CodeUnit == Input.Element {
var input = input
var count = 0
var isAscii = true
var inputDecoder = Encoding()
loop:
while true {
switch inputDecoder.decode(&input) {
case .scalarValue(let us):
if us.value > 0x7f {
isAscii = false
}
count += width(us)
case .emptyInput:
break loop
case .error:
if !repairingIllFormedSequences {
return nil
}
isAscii = false
count += width(UnicodeScalar(0xfffd)!)
}
}
return (count, isAscii)
}
}
// Unchecked init to avoid precondition branches in hot code paths where we
// already know the value is a valid unicode scalar.
extension UnicodeScalar {
/// Create an instance with numeric value `value`, bypassing the regular
/// precondition checks for code point validity.
internal init(_unchecked value: UInt32) {
_sanityCheck(value < 0xD800 || value > 0xDFFF,
"high- and low-surrogate code points are not valid Unicode scalar values")
_sanityCheck(value <= 0x10FFFF, "value is outside of Unicode codespace")
self._value = value
}
}
extension UnicodeCodec where CodeUnit : UnsignedInteger {
public static func _nullCodeUnitOffset(in input: UnsafePointer<CodeUnit>) -> Int {
var length = 0
while input[length] != 0 {
length += 1
}
return length
}
}
extension UnicodeCodec {
public static func _nullCodeUnitOffset(in input: UnsafePointer<CodeUnit>) -> Int {
fatalError("_nullCodeUnitOffset(in:) implementation should be provided")
}
}
@available(*, unavailable, renamed: "UnicodeCodec")
public typealias UnicodeCodecType = UnicodeCodec
@available(*, unavailable, message: "use 'transcode(_:from:to:stoppingOnError:into:)'")
public func transcode<Input, InputEncoding, OutputEncoding>(
_ inputEncoding: InputEncoding.Type, _ outputEncoding: OutputEncoding.Type,
_ input: Input, _ output: (OutputEncoding.CodeUnit) -> Void,
stopOnError: Bool
) -> Bool
where
Input : IteratorProtocol,
InputEncoding : UnicodeCodec,
OutputEncoding : UnicodeCodec,
InputEncoding.CodeUnit == Input.Element {
Builtin.unreachable()
}
extension UTF16 {
@available(*, unavailable, message: "use 'transcodedLength(of:decodedAs:repairingIllFormedSequences:)'")
public static func measure<Encoding, Input>(
_: Encoding.Type, input: Input, repairIllFormedSequences: Bool
) -> (Int, Bool)?
where
Encoding : UnicodeCodec,
Input : IteratorProtocol,
Encoding.CodeUnit == Input.Element {
Builtin.unreachable()
}
}