[SE-0413] Adopt typed throws in Result

Make `init(catching:)` and `get()` use typed throws. The former infers
the `Failure` type from the closure provided (once full type inference
is in place) and the latter only throws errors of the `Failure` type.

stdlib/public/core/Result.swift

@@ -161,8 +161,9 @@ public enum Result<Success, Failure: Error> {
   ///
   /// - Returns: The success value, if the instance represents a success.
   /// - Throws: The failure value, if the instance represents a failure.
+  @_alwaysEmitIntoClient
   @inlinable
-  public func get() throws -> Success {
+  public func get() throws(Failure) -> Success {
     switch self {
     case let .success(success):
       return success
@@ -172,13 +173,42 @@ public enum Result<Success, Failure: Error> {
   }
 }
 
-extension Result where Failure == Swift.Error {
+extension Result {
   /// Creates a new result by evaluating a throwing closure, capturing the
   /// returned value as a success, or any thrown error as a failure.
   ///
-  /// - Parameter body: A throwing closure to evaluate.
-  @_transparent
-  public init(catching body: () throws -> Success) {
+  /// - Parameter body: A potentially throwing closure to evaluate.
+  @_alwaysEmitIntoClient
+  @inlinable
+  public init(catching body: () throws(Failure) -> Success) {
+    do {
+      self = .success(try body())
+    } catch {
+      self = .failure(error)
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+extension Result {
+  /// ABI: Historical get() throws
+  @_silgen_name("$ss6ResultO3getxyKF")
+  @usableFromInline
+  func __abi_get() throws -> Success {
+    switch self {
+    case let .success(success):
+      return success
+    case let .failure(failure):
+      throw failure
+    }
+  }
+
+}
+
+extension Result where Failure == Swift.Error {
+  /// ABI: Historical init(catching:)
+  @_silgen_name("$ss6ResultOss5Error_pRs_rlE8catchingAByxsAC_pGxyKXE_tcfCa")
+  @usableFromInline
+  init(__abi_catching body: () throws(Failure) -> Success) {
     do {
       self = .success(try body())
     } catch {

test/api-digester/Outputs/stability-stdlib-source-x86_64.swift.expected

@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ Func Unicode.UTF32.Parser.parseScalar(from:) has generic signature change from <
 Func Unicode.UTF32.decode(_:) has generic signature change from <I where I : Swift.IteratorProtocol, I.Element == Swift.Unicode.UTF32.CodeUnit> to <I where I : Swift.IteratorProtocol, I.Element == Swift.UInt32>
 Func Unicode.UTF8.decode(_:) has generic signature change from <I where I : Swift.IteratorProtocol, I.Element == Swift.Unicode.UTF8.CodeUnit> to <I where I : Swift.IteratorProtocol, I.Element == Swift.UInt8>
 Constructor Mirror.init(_:children:displayStyle:ancestorRepresentation:) has generic signature change from <Subject, C where C : Swift.Collection, C.Element == Swift.Mirror.Child> to <Subject, C where C : Swift.Collection, C.Element == (label: Swift.String?, value: Any)>
+
+// Generalizations due to typed throws.
 Func AnyBidirectionalCollection.map(_:) has generic signature change from <Element, T> to <Element, T, E where E : Swift.Error>
 Func AnyBidirectionalCollection.map(_:) is now without @rethrows
 Func AnyCollection.map(_:) has generic signature change from <Element, T> to <Element, T, E where E : Swift.Error>
@@ -38,5 +40,6 @@ Func Collection.map(_:) has generic signature change from <Self, T where Self :
 Func Collection.map(_:) is now without @rethrows
 Func Sequence.map(_:) has generic signature change from <Self, T where Self : Swift.Sequence> to <Self, T, E where Self : Swift.Sequence, E : Swift.Error>
 Func Sequence.map(_:) is now without @rethrows
+Constructor Result.init(catching:) has generic signature change from <Success, Failure where Failure == any Swift.Error> to <Success, Failure where Failure : Swift.Error>
 
 Protocol SIMDScalar has generic signature change from <Self == Self.SIMD16Storage.Scalar, Self.SIMD16Storage : Swift.SIMDStorage, Self.SIMD2Storage : Swift.SIMDStorage, Self.SIMD32Storage : Swift.SIMDStorage, Self.SIMD4Storage : Swift.SIMDStorage, Self.SIMD64Storage : Swift.SIMDStorage, Self.SIMD8Storage : Swift.SIMDStorage, Self.SIMDMaskScalar : Swift.FixedWidthInteger, Self.SIMDMaskScalar : Swift.SIMDScalar, Self.SIMDMaskScalar : Swift.SignedInteger, Self.SIMD16Storage.Scalar == Self.SIMD2Storage.Scalar, Self.SIMD2Storage.Scalar == Self.SIMD32Storage.Scalar, Self.SIMD32Storage.Scalar == Self.SIMD4Storage.Scalar, Self.SIMD4Storage.Scalar == Self.SIMD64Storage.Scalar, Self.SIMD64Storage.Scalar == Self.SIMD8Storage.Scalar> to <Self == Self.SIMD16Storage.Scalar, Self.SIMD16Storage : Swift.SIMDStorage, Self.SIMD2Storage : Swift.SIMDStorage, Self.SIMD32Storage : Swift.SIMDStorage, Self.SIMD4Storage : Swift.SIMDStorage, Self.SIMD64Storage : Swift.SIMDStorage, Self.SIMD8Storage : Swift.SIMDStorage, Self.SIMDMaskScalar : Swift.FixedWidthInteger, Self.SIMDMaskScalar : Swift.SIMDScalar, Self.SIMDMaskScalar : Swift.SignedInteger, Self.SIMDMaskScalar == Self.SIMDMaskScalar.SIMDMaskScalar, Self.SIMD16Storage.Scalar == Self.SIMD2Storage.Scalar, Self.SIMD2Storage.Scalar == Self.SIMD32Storage.Scalar, Self.SIMD32Storage.Scalar == Self.SIMD4Storage.Scalar, Self.SIMD4Storage.Scalar == Self.SIMD64Storage.Scalar, Self.SIMD64Storage.Scalar == Self.SIMD8Storage.Scalar>

test/api-digester/stability-stdlib-abi-without-asserts.test

@@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ Constructor _SmallString.init(taggedCocoa:) has return type change from Swift._S
 Enum Never has added a conformance to an existing protocol Decodable
 Enum Never has added a conformance to an existing protocol Encodable
 Enum Never has added a conformance to an existing protocol Identifiable
+
+// These functions haven't actually changed ABI, but are using @_silgen_name tricks to maintain the old ABI while moving to typed throws.
 Func AnyBidirectionalCollection.map(_:) has been renamed to Func __rethrows_map(_:)
 Func AnyBidirectionalCollection.map(_:) has mangled name changing from 'Swift.AnyBidirectionalCollection.map<A>((A) throws -> A1) throws -> Swift.Array<A1>' to 'Swift.AnyBidirectionalCollection.__rethrows_map<A>((A) throws -> A1) throws -> Swift.Array<A1>'
 Func AnyBidirectionalCollection.map(_:) is now without @rethrows
@@ -87,14 +89,16 @@ Func AnyRandomAccessCollection.map(_:) is now without @rethrows
 Func AnySequence.map(_:) has been renamed to Func __rethrows_map(_:)
 Func AnySequence.map(_:) has mangled name changing from 'Swift.AnySequence.map<A>((A) throws -> A1) throws -> Swift.Array<A1>' to 'Swift.AnySequence.__rethrows_map<A>((A) throws -> A1) throws -> Swift.Array<A1>'
 Func AnySequence.map(_:) is now without @rethrows
-
-// These are using
 Func Sequence.map(_:) has been renamed to Func __rethrows_map(_:)
 Func Sequence.map(_:) has mangled name changing from '(extension in Swift):Swift.Sequence.map<A>((A.Element) throws -> A1) throws -> Swift.Array<A1>' to '(extension in Swift):Swift.Sequence.__rethrows_map<A>((A.Element) throws -> A1) throws -> Swift.Array<A1>'
 Func Sequence.map(_:) is now without @rethrows
 Func Collection.map(_:) has been renamed to Func __rethrows_map(_:)
 Func Collection.map(_:) has mangled name changing from '(extension in Swift):Swift.Collection.map<A>((A.Element) throws -> A1) throws -> Swift.Array<A1>' to '(extension in Swift):Swift.Collection.__rethrows_map<A>((A.Element) throws -> A1) throws -> Swift.Array<A1>'
 Func Collection.map(_:) is now without @rethrows
+Constructor Result.init(__abi_catching:) is a new API without @available attribute
+Constructor Result.init(catching:) has been removed
+Func Result.get() has been renamed to Func __abi_get()
+Func Result.get() has mangled name changing from 'Swift.Result.get() throws -> A' to 'Swift.Result.__abi_get() throws -> A'
 
 // These haven't actually been removed; they are simply marked unavailable.
 // This seems to be a false positive in the ABI checker. This is not an ABI

test/stdlib/Result.swift

@@ -67,10 +67,16 @@ ResultTests.test("Throwing Initialization and Unwrapping") {
   func throwing() throws -> String {
     throw Err.err
   }
-    
+
+  func throwingTyped() throws(Err) -> String {
+    throw .err
+  }
+
+  func knownNotThrowing() -> String { return string }
+
   let result1 = Result { try throwing() }
   let result2 = Result { try notThrowing() }
-  
+
   expectEqual(result1.failure as? Err, Err.err)
   expectEqual(result2.success, string)
     
@@ -98,6 +104,22 @@ ResultTests.test("Throwing Initialization and Unwrapping") {
   } catch {
     expectUnreachable()
   }
+
+  // Test strongly typed error via closure.
+  // FIXME: Type inference should eliminate the need for the throws(Err)
+  // annotations below.
+  let result4 = Result { () throws(Err) in try throwingTyped() }
+  let _: Result<String, Err> = result4 // check the type
+  expectEqual(result4.failure, .err)
+  do throws(Err) {
+    _ = try result4.get()
+  } catch let error {
+    expectEqual(error, .err)
+  }
+
+  let result5 = Result { knownNotThrowing() }
+  let _: Result<String, Never> = result5 // check the type
+  _ = result5.get() // no need for 'try'
 }
 
 ResultTests.test("Functional Transforms") {