The pass to decide which functions should get stack protection was added in https://github.com/apple/swift/pull/60933, but was disabled by default.
This PR enables stack protection by default, but not the possibility to move arguments into temporaries - to keep the risk low.
Moving to temporaries can be enabled with the new frontend option `-enable-move-inout-stack-protector`.
rdar://93677524
It decides which functions need stack protection.
It sets the `needStackProtection` flags on all function which contain stack-allocated values for which an buffer overflow could occur.
Within safe swift code there shouldn't be any buffer overflows.
But if the address of a stack variable is converted to an unsafe pointer, it's not in the control of the compiler anymore.
This means, if there is any `address_to_pointer` instruction for an `alloc_stack`, such a function is marked for stack protection.
Another case is `index_addr` for non-tail allocated memory.
This pattern appears if pointer arithmetic is done with unsafe pointers in swift code.
If the origin of an unsafe pointer can only be tracked to a function argument, the pass tries to find the root stack allocation for such an argument by doing an inter-procedural analysis.
If this is not possible, the fallback is to move the argument into a temporary `alloc_stack` and do the unsafe pointer operations on the temporary.
rdar://93677524
