As the optimizer uses more and more AST stuff, it's now time to create an "AST" module.
Initially it defines following AST datastructures:
* declarations: `Decl` + derived classes
* `Conformance`
* `SubstitutionMap`
* `Type` and `CanonicalType`
Some of those were already defined in the SIL module and are now moved to the AST module.
This change also cleans up a few things:
* proper definition of `NominalTypeDecl`-related APIs in `SIL.Type`
* rename `ProtocolConformance` to `Conformance`
* use `AST.Type`/`AST.CanonicalType` instead of `BridgedASTType` in SIL and the Optimizer
Make SILLInkage available in SIL as `SIL.Linkage`.
Also, rename the misleading Function and GlobalVariable ABI `isAvailableExternally` to `isDefinedExternally`
Store a list of argument effects in a function, which specify if and how arguments escape.
Such effects can be specified in the Swift source code (for details see docs/ReferenceGuides/UnderscoredAttributes.md) or derived in an optimization pass.
For details see the documentation in SwiftCompilerSources/Sources/SIL/Effects.swift.
The `SmallProjectionPath` represents a path of value or address projections.
It’s used for defining argument effects for functions and for the new escape analysis.
* add `BasicBlockSet`
* add `BasicBlockWorklist`
* add `BasicBlockRange`, which defines a range of blocks from a common dominating “begin” block to a set of “end” blocks.
* add `InstructionRange`, which is similar to `BasicBlockRange`, just on instruction level. It can be used for value lifetime analysis.
* rename `StackList` -> `Stack` and move it to `Optimizer/DataStructures`
* rename `PassContext.passContext` to `PassContext._bridged`
* add notify-functions to PassContext
