* Provide a default implementation of multipliedFullWidth
Previously, [U]Int64 fatalErrored on 32b platforms, which is obviously undesirable. This PR provides a default implementation on FixedWidthInteger, which is not ideally efficient for all types, but is correct, and gives the optimizer all the information that it needs to generate good code in the important case of Int64 arithmetic on 32b platforms. There's still some minor room for improvement, but we'll call that an optimizer bug now.
* Clarify comments somewhat, remove `merge` nested function
I was only using `merge` in one place, so making it a function seems unnecessary. Also got rid of some trucatingIfNeeded inits where the compiler is able to reason that no checks are needed anyway.
* Add some basic test coverage specifically for multipliedFullWidth
* Fix typo, further clarify bounds comments.
* Make new defaulted implementation @_aEIC so we don't need availability.
