Instead of directly emitting calls to swift_getGenericMetadata*() and
referencing metadata templates, call a metadata accessor function
corresponding to the UnboundGenericType of the NominalTypeDecl.
The body of this accessor forwards arguments to a runtime metadata
instantiation function, together with the template.
Also, move some code around, so that metadata accesses which are
only done as part of the body of a metadata accessor function are
handled separately in emitTypeMetadataAccessFunction().
Apart from protocol conformances, this means metadata templates are
no longer referenced from outside the module where they were defined.
The runtime entry doesn't just report the error, unlike the other report* functions, it also does the crashing.
Reapplying independent of unrelated reverted patches.
Getting a superclass, instance extents, and whether a class is native-refcounted are all useful type API. De-underscore these functions and give them a consistent `swift[_objc]_class*` naming scheme.
Many of the report* entry points are specific to the stdlib assert implementation, so belong in the stdlib. Keep a single `reportError` entry point in the runtime to handle the CrashReporter/ASL interface, and call down to it from the assert implementation functions.
