Update the instances of checks for architectures to be more broad for different
spellings of the architecture macro. Certain targets use `_M_ARM` and others
use `__arm__`. Similarly, arm64/aarch64 has `_M_ARM64`, `__arm64__` and
`__aarch64__` as spellings. This just mechanically goes through and encodes the
various spellings.
Take the opportunity to replace some raw checks with `defined` checks which
avoids a pedantic warning due to the undefined macro when performing the check
as the preprocessor may warn about an undefined condition evaluating to `0`.
