Previously we could only handle symbolic references at the
top level, but this is insufficient; for example, you can
have a nested type X.Y where X is defined in the current
translation unit and Y is defined in an extension of X in
a different translation unit. In this case, X.Y mangles as
a tree where the child contains a symbolic reference to X.
Handle this by adding a new form of Demangle::mangleNode()
which takes a callback for resolving symbolic references.
Fixes <rdar://problem/39613190>.