When emitting a requirement for a same-type-to-concrete constraint,
use the known concrete source for just the first of the component
anchors. For the rest, we need to explicitly model the constraint lest
it get lost. Fixes rdar://problem/30478915.
This essentially undoes the implementation in 51da51dfc0, which
implicitly did a substitution of the Self type in a protocol's
requirement signature by threading around the replacement PA. This is
brittle because every part of the code needs to take and pass around the
argument. By preemptively substituting, the whole requirement is in the
right form from the time it enters `addRequirement`.
The infrastructure here also allows simplifying some code.
