Add `async` to the type system. `async` can be written as part of a
function type or function declaration, following the parameter list, e.g.,
func doSomeWork() async { ... }
`async` functions are distinct from non-`async` functions and there
are no conversions amongst them. At present, `async` functions do not
*do* anything, but this commit fully supports them as a distinct kind
of function throughout:
* Parsing of `async`
* AST representation of `async` in declarations and types
* Syntactic type representation of `async`
* (De-/re-)mangling of function types involving 'async'
* Runtime type representation and reconstruction of function types
involving `async`.
* Dynamic casting restrictions for `async` function types
* (De-)serialization of `async` function types
* Disabling overriding, witness matching, and conversions with
differing `async`
Like switch cases, a catch clause may now include a comma-
separated list of patterns. The body will be executed if any
one of those patterns is matched.
This patch replaces `CatchStmt` with `CaseStmt` as the children
of `DoCatchStmt` in the AST. This necessitates a number of changes
throughout the compiler, including:
- Parser & libsyntax support for the new syntax and AST structure
- Typechecking of multi-pattern catches, including those which
contain bindings.
- SILGen support
- Code completion updates
- Profiler updates
- Name lookup changes
