Finally, remove the parent type metadata argument from type
constructors.
Now that type constructors don't take a parent metadata pointer,
we can hit some asserts concerning type constructors that do not
have any parameters. This happens when you define a concrete type
in a fully-constrained extension of a generic type.
A more efficient ABI would use concrete type metadata for these
cases, but that would be a bigger change that we can do later, so
for now just relax these assertions.
This resolves a runtime crasher since a circular metadata case is
no longer circular. I renamed the crasher to reference the more
specific radar since the more general issue of circular metadata
is still unresolved.
This change makes it so that type metadata stores arguments
from each nesting depth. This means that parent metadata is
no longer needed to fulfill generic arguments, but we still
store a parent pointer in metadata and pass it to type
constructor functions at this point.
