When we're looking up all associated types with the same name in order
to find the right archetype anchor, skip extension members to avoid
circular deserialization.
Discovered while investigating <rdar://problem/30248571>.
We no longer need the "concrete type in path" checks to correctly
order potential archetypes, and they prohibit us from making the
representative always the archetype anchor.
Make the representative of an equivalence class also be the archetype
anchor, so we don't need to walk through the equivalence class each
time we need the archetype anchor.
When emitting a requirement for a same-type-to-concrete constraint,
use the known concrete source for just the first of the component
anchors. For the rest, we need to explicitly model the constraint lest
it get lost. Fixes rdar://problem/30478915.
This essentially undoes the implementation in 51da51dfc0, which
implicitly did a substitution of the Self type in a protocol's
requirement signature by threading around the replacement PA. This is
brittle because every part of the code needs to take and pass around the
argument. By preemptively substituting, the whole requirement is in the
right form from the time it enters `addRequirement`.
The infrastructure here also allows simplifying some code.
